Bill Text: NY S05377 | 2015-2016 | General Assembly | Introduced
NOTE: There are more recent revisions of this legislation. Read Latest Draft
Bill Title: Requires manufacturers to meet certain standards with their packaging in New York state to reduce waste; establishes the guidelines and sets a timetable by which manufacturers must comply with these provisions.
Spectrum: Partisan Bill (Democrat 1-0)
Status: (Introduced - Dead) 2016-04-13 - PRINT NUMBER 5377A [S05377 Detail]
Download: New_York-2015-S05377-Introduced.html
Bill Title: Requires manufacturers to meet certain standards with their packaging in New York state to reduce waste; establishes the guidelines and sets a timetable by which manufacturers must comply with these provisions.
Spectrum: Partisan Bill (Democrat 1-0)
Status: (Introduced - Dead) 2016-04-13 - PRINT NUMBER 5377A [S05377 Detail]
Download: New_York-2015-S05377-Introduced.html
S T A T E O F N E W Y O R K ________________________________________________________________________ 5377 2015-2016 Regular Sessions I N S E N A T E May 14, 2015 ___________ Introduced by Sen. AVELLA -- read twice and ordered printed, and when printed to be committed to the Committee on Environmental Conservation AN ACT to amend the environmental conservation law, in relation to the reduction and recycling of packaging THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM- BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS: 1 Section 1. Short title. This act shall be known and may be cited as 2 the "environmentally sound packaging act". 3 S 2. Legislative findings and declaration. The legislature hereby 4 finds and declares that a solid waste crisis exists in New York state, 5 and that the amount of solid waste requiring disposal has continued to 6 increase. The legislature further finds that over thirty percent of 7 municipal solid waste is comprised of packaging, that the production of 8 packaging has more than doubled in the last twenty years, and that this 9 portion of the municipal solid waste stream could be significantly 10 reduced through source reduction and material changes to increase the 11 reusability, recycled content, and recyclability of such packaging. The 12 legislature further finds that the reduction of packaging waste and the 13 success of municipal recycling is dependent on greatly increasing demand 14 for post-consumer materials in the manufacturing sector, that this 15 demand is very limited at present, and attributable to a lack of incen- 16 tives for manufacturers to increase the reusability, recycled content or 17 recyclability of their packaging, with no federal or state standards 18 applied to packaging based on such attributes or the lack of same. 19 Therefore, the legislature finds and determines that there is a need to 20 reduce packaging in the solid waste stream, by requiring that all pack- 21 aging sold in New York state meet certain standards for reduction, reus- 22 ability, recycled content, or recyclability. 23 S 3. The environmental conservation law is amended by adding a new 24 section 27-0721 to read as follows: 25 S 27-0721. PACKAGING REDUCTION AND RECYCLING. EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets [ ] is old law to be omitted. LBD06526-01-5 S. 5377 2 1 1. DEFINITIONS. AS USED IN THIS SECTION: (A) "CONCENTRATE FORM" SHALL 2 MEAN A PRODUCT SOLD IN A CONCENTRATED FORM THAT IS ONE-THIRD OR LESS OF 3 THE VOLUME OF THE PRODUCT IN ITS INTENDED USE FORM. 4 (B) "ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND PACKAGING" SHALL MEAN PACKAGING THAT IS 5 REDUCED OR REUSABLE OR RECYCLED OR RECYCLABLE. 6 (C) "INTERMEDIATE PACKAGE" SHALL MEAN A WRAP, BOX OR BUNDLE THAT 7 CONTAINS TWO OR MORE UNIT PACKAGES OF IDENTICAL ITEMS, AND THAT MAY BE 8 ENCLOSED BY A SHIPPING CONTAINER. 9 (D) "MANUFACTURER" SHALL MEAN A PERSON, FIRM, ASSOCIATION, PARTNERSHIP 10 OR CORPORATION ENGAGED IN THE PRODUCTION OF PACKAGING. 11 (E) "MATERIAL" SHALL MEAN ANY SUBSTANCE FROM WHICH PACKAGING IS MADE, 12 INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PAPER, GLASS, PLASTIC, AND METAL OR ANY 13 COMBINATION THEREOF. 14 (F) "PACKAGER" SHALL MEAN: 15 (I) FOR PACKAGING IN WHICH PRODUCTS ARE PLACED PRIOR TO THEIR ENTRY 16 INTO THE STATE, THE PACKAGER IS THE PERSON WHO RECEIVES TITLE TO THE 17 SHIPMENT BEFORE OR UPON ENTRY INTO THE STATE; PROVIDED THAT IF SUCH 18 PERSON IS THE PURCHASER IN A RETAIL SALE INVOLVING DIRECT SHIPMENT FROM 19 OUTSIDE THE STATE, THEN THE PACKAGER IS THE SELLER; 20 (II) FOR PACKAGING IN WHICH A PRODUCT IS PLACED WITHIN THE STATE PRIOR 21 TO THE SALE OF THE PRODUCT, THE PACKAGER IS THE PERSON WHO PLACES THE 22 PRODUCT IN SUCH PACKAGING; 23 (III) FOR PACKAGING PROVIDED BY A RETAIL SELLER TO A PURCHASER AT THE 24 POINT OF PRODUCT DELIVERY, THE PACKAGER IS THE RETAIL SELLER. 25 (G) "PACKAGING" SHALL MEAN ANY CONTAINER USED TO PROTECT, STORE, 26 CONTAIN, TRANSPORT, DISPLAY OR SELL PRODUCTS. PACKAGING SHALL NOT 27 INCLUDE ANY DETACHABLE CLOSURE DEVICE SUCH AS A CAP, CLIP, COVER, LID, 28 TAB, OR TAMPER RESISTANT CONTRIVANCE. 29 (H) "PERSON" SHALL MEAN ANY INDIVIDUAL, TRUST, FIRM, JOINT STOCK 30 COMPANY, CORPORATION, PARTNERSHIP, OR ASSOCIATION, INCLUDING THE STATE 31 OF NEW YORK AND ANY POLITICAL SUBDIVISION OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 32 (I) "PRODUCT" MEANS ANY COMMODITY DESTINED FOR WHOLESALE OR RETAIL 33 SALE. 34 (J) "RECYCLABLE" SHALL MEAN PACKAGING MADE OF A MATERIAL FOR WHICH 35 EITHER OF THE FOLLOWING STANDARDS ARE MET, AS DETERMINED BY THE DEPART- 36 MENT: 37 (I) ACCESS TO MUNICIPAL RECYCLABLE RECOVERY PROGRAMS FOR THAT MATERIAL 38 IS AVAILABLE TO NO LESS THAN SEVENTY-FIVE PERCENT OF THE POPULATION OF 39 THE STATE; 40 (II) A STATEWIDE RECYCLING RATE OF FIFTY PERCENT HAS BEEN ACHIEVED FOR 41 THE PACKAGING MATERIAL; OR 42 (III) A MANUFACTURER, DISTRIBUTOR OR RETAILER ACHIEVES A STATEWIDE 43 RECYCLING RATE OF FIFTY PERCENT FOR THE PACKAGE SOLD WITHIN THE STATE. 44 PACKAGING COMPOSED OF MORE THAN ONE TYPE OF MATERIAL SHALL NOT BE 45 CONSIDERED RECYCLABLE UNLESS EACH MATERIAL IN THE PACKAGING THAT REPRES- 46 ENTS MORE THAN AN INSUBSTANTIAL PART OF THE PACKAGING MEETS ONE OF THESE 47 STANDARDS. 48 (K) "RECYCLED" SHALL MEAN PACKAGING MADE WITH SECONDARY MATERIALS 49 CONTENT, WHICH MEETS THE RECYCLED CONTENT STANDARDS SPECIFIED IN REGU- 50 LATIONS PROMULGATED BY THE DEPARTMENT PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION TWO OF 51 SECTION 27-0717 OF THIS TITLE; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT WITHIN FIVE YEARS 52 OF THE EFFECTIVE DATE OF THIS SECTION, RECYCLED SHALL MEAN A MINIMUM OF 53 FORTY-FIVE PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF POST-CONSUMER RECYCLED CONTENT, AS 54 DEFINED BY THE DEPARTMENT. 55 (L) "REDUCED" SHALL MEAN PACKAGING THAT IS EITHER REDUCED AT LEAST 56 FIFTEEN PERCENT BY WEIGHT WHEN COMPARED WITH THE PACKAGING USED FOR THE S. 5377 3 1 SAME PRODUCT BY THE SAME PACKAGER FIVE YEARS EARLIER OR PACKAGING THAT 2 MEETS A MINIMUM EFFICIENCY RATIO OF NINETY PERCENT PRODUCT TO TEN 3 PERCENT PACKAGING BY WEIGHT, WHEN MEASURED AS THE COMBINED WEIGHT OF THE 4 INTERMEDIATE PACKAGE AND THE UNIT PACKAGE IF THE PRODUCT IS CONVEYED TO 5 THE CONSUMER IN MULTIPLE LAYERS OF PACKAGING, PROVIDED HOWEVER, THAT 6 PACKAGING EXEMPTED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION THREE OF THIS SECTION SHALL 7 NOT BE INCLUDED IN SUCH MEASUREMENT. IN NO CASE MAY PACKAGING REDUCTION 8 BE ACHIEVED BY THE SUBSTITUTION OF A DIFFERENT MATERIAL CATEGORY FOR A 9 MATERIAL THAT CONSTITUTED A SUBSTANTIAL PART OF THE PACKAGING IN QUES- 10 TION. 11 (M) "RETAIL SALE" SHALL MEAN ANY SALE TO A PURCHASER FOR CONSUMPTION 12 OR USE OTHER THAN RESALE OR FURTHER PROCESSING OR MANUFACTURING. 13 (N) "REUSABLE" SHALL MEAN PACKAGING THAT IS DESIGNED FOR REFILLING OR 14 REUSE A MINIMUM OF FIVE TIMES IN A PROGRAM ESTABLISHED BY A MANUFACTUR- 15 ER, DISTRIBUTOR OR RETAILER FOR REFILLING OR REUSE OF THE PACKAGING. 16 (O) "SHIPMENT" SHALL MEAN PACKAGED PRODUCTS CONVEYED BY TRUCK OR OTHER 17 MEANS OF TRANSPORT, AND ACCOMPANIED BY AN INVOICE. 18 (P) "SHIPPING CONTAINER" SHALL MEAN PACKAGING THAT IS USED IN COMMERCE 19 FOR PACKING, STORING, AND SHIPPING PRODUCTS. 20 (Q) "UNIT PACKAGE" SHALL MEAN A PACKAGE WHICH CONTAINS A SINGLE ITEM, 21 A QUANTITY OF THE SAME ITEM, A SET OR AN ITEM WITH ALL ITS COMPONENT 22 PARTS. 23 2. ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND PACKAGING. EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISION 24 THREE OF THIS SECTION, NO PACKAGER SHALL USE OR CAUSE TO BE USED ANY 25 PACKAGING THAT IS NOT ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND PACKAGING AFTER JANUARY 26 FIRST, TWO THOUSAND EIGHTEEN. 27 3. EXEMPTIONS. (A) THE FOLLOWING TYPES OF PACKAGING SHALL BE UNCONDI- 28 TIONALLY EXEMPT FROM THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION: 29 (I) PACKAGING WHICH IS IN DIRECT CONTACT WITH FOOD PRODUCTS, AND HAS 30 NOT RECEIVED PRIOR AUTHORIZATION FROM THE FEDERAL FOOD AND DRUG ADMINIS- 31 TRATION TO INCORPORATE RECYCLED CONTENT IN SUCH PACKAGING, PROVIDED, 32 HOWEVER, SUCH PACKAGING ALSO DOES NOT COMPLY WITH THE STANDARDS AS 33 DEFINED IN THIS SECTION FOR REUSABLE OR REDUCED OR RECYCLABLE; 34 (II) PACKAGING ASSOCIATED WITH DRUGS, DRUG PRODUCTS, COSMETICS, 35 MEDICAL FOOD AND MEDICAL DEVICES, AS THOSE TERMS ARE DEFINED UNDER THE 36 FEDERAL FOOD, DRUG AND COSMETIC ACT AND REGULATIONS PROMULGATED THERE- 37 UNDER; 38 (III) PACKAGING ASSOCIATED WITH PRODUCTS OFFERED FOR SALE IN A CONCEN- 39 TRATE FORM; 40 (IV) PACKAGING FOR PRODUCTS DESTINED FOR EXPORT FROM THE STATE IF THE 41 PACKAGING IS NOT SEPARATED FROM THE PRODUCT BEFORE EXPORT; 42 (V) THOSE PACKAGES OR PACKAGING COMPONENTS WHICH HAVE BEEN DELIVERED 43 TO A PACKAGER PRIOR TO JANUARY FIRST, TWO THOUSAND EIGHTEEN; AND THOSE 44 PACKAGES OR PACKAGING COMPONENTS WITH A CODE INDICATING DATE OF MANUFAC- 45 TURE THAT WERE MANUFACTURED PRIOR TO JANUARY FIRST, TWO THOUSAND EIGH- 46 TEEN; 47 (VI) PACKAGING ASSOCIATED WITH RETAIL SALES OF USED MERCHANDISE BY 48 INDIVIDUAL CONSUMERS SUBSEQUENT TO INITIAL RETAIL SALE; 49 (VII) PACKAGING ASSOCIATED WITH SALES OF FOOD PRODUCTS BY OR ON BEHALF 50 OF A NOT-FOR-PROFIT CORPORATION, IF SUCH CORPORATION HAS ESTABLISHED A 51 PATTERN, OVER A PERIOD EXCEEDING TWENTY YEARS, OF RELYING ON SUCH SALES 52 FOR A SIGNIFICANT PORTION OF ITS FINANCIAL SUPPORT. 53 (B) EVERY PACKAGER SEEKING A CONDITIONAL EXEMPTION PURSUANT TO THIS 54 SUBDIVISION SHALL SUBMIT A WRITTEN APPLICATION TO THE DEPARTMENT AND 55 SHALL PAY AN APPLICATION FEE, AS DETERMINED BY THE DEPARTMENT, SUFFI- S. 5377 4 1 CIENT TO MEET ONLY THE COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS 2 SUBDIVISION. 3 (C) PURSUANT TO RULES AND REGULATIONS PROMULGATED BY THE DEPARTMENT, 4 THE COMMISSIONER MAY GRANT A CONDITIONAL EXEMPTION FROM ANY REQUIREMENT 5 OF THIS SECTION IF HE OR SHE DETERMINES THAT THE REQUIREMENT, WHEN 6 APPLIED TO A PARTICULAR TYPE OF PACKAGING, WOULD IMPOSE UNDUE HARDSHIP 7 ON THE GENERAL PUBLIC. 8 A PACKAGER APPLYING FOR A CONDITIONAL EXEMPTION UNDER THIS PARAGRAPH 9 SHALL BEAR THE BURDEN OF PROOF IN ESTABLISHING UNDUE HARDSHIP. UNDUE 10 HARDSHIP SHALL BE ESTABLISHED BY PROVIDING CLEAR AND CONVINCING EVIDENCE 11 THAT THERE IS NO ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND PACKAGING AVAILABLE FOR THAT TYPE 12 OF PRODUCT OR THE PACKAGING IS NECESSARY TO COMPLY WITH HEALTH OR SAFETY 13 LAWS AND THERE IS NO ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND PACKAGING AVAILABLE THAT 14 COMPLIES WITH THOSE HEALTH AND SAFETY LAWS. EXEMPTIONS GRANTED PURSUANT 15 TO THIS PARAGRAPH SHALL BE FOR A PERIOD NOT TO EXCEED FIVE YEARS. 16 (D) WITHIN THIRTY DAYS AFTER THE RECEIPT OF AN APPLICATION FOR A 17 CONDITIONAL EXEMPTION PURSUANT TO PARAGRAPH (C) OF THIS SUBDIVISION, THE 18 DEPARTMENT SHALL PUBLISH A NOTICE OF OPPORTUNITY FOR PUBLIC COMMENT ON 19 THE APPLICATION, AND SHALL ACCEPT WRITTEN COMMENTS FROM THE PUBLIC FOR 20 SIXTY DAYS THEREAFTER. BEFORE GRANTING A CONDITIONAL EXEMPTION, THE 21 DEPARTMENT SHALL MAKE A WRITTEN FINDING OF UNDUE HARDSHIP. THE DEPART- 22 MENT SHALL MAIL WRITTEN NOTICE OF ITS DETERMINATION TO THE APPLICANT 23 WITHIN ONE HUNDRED TWENTY DAYS AFTER THE RECEIPT OF AN APPLICATION 24 PURSUANT TO PARAGRAPH (C) OF THIS SUBDIVISION AND SHALL PUBLISH A NOTICE 25 OF SUCH DETERMINATION. 26 4. LABELING REQUIREMENTS. (A) ON OR AFTER JANUARY FIRST, TWO THOUSAND 27 EIGHTEEN, EVERY PACKAGER SHALL ENSURE THAT THE WORDS "COMPLIES WITH NEW 28 YORK STATE PACKAGING LAW," OR ABBREVIATIONS THEREOF, ARE AFFIXED TO ALL 29 ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND PACKAGING. THE PRESENCE OF SUCH STATEMENT ON PACK- 30 AGING SHALL INDICATE THAT THE MANUFACTURER OF SUCH PACKAGING CERTIFIES 31 THAT THE PACKAGING IS REDUCED, REUSABLE, RECYCLED, RECYCLABLE OR EXEMPT 32 FROM THE REQUIREMENTS OF THIS SECTION. USE OF THIS STATEMENT ON ANY 33 OTHER PACKAGING SHALL CONSTITUTE A VIOLATION OF THIS SECTION. 34 (B) FOR PURPOSES OF INTERMEDIATE OR UNIT PACKAGING CONTAINING ONE OR 35 MORE LAYERS, ONLY ONE COMPLIANCE LABEL IS REQUIRED, WHICH SHALL APPEAR 36 ON THAT PORTION OF THE PACKAGED PRODUCT VISIBLE TO THE CONSUMER AT 37 RETAIL SALE. 38 5. REGULATIONS. ON OR BEFORE SEPTEMBER FIRST, TWO THOUSAND SIXTEEN, 39 THE DEPARTMENT SHALL ADOPT RULES AND REGULATIONS NECESSARY TO CARRY OUT 40 THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION. SUCH RULES AND REGULATIONS SHALL 41 INCLUDE, BUT NEED NOT BE LIMITED TO: 42 (A) REQUIREMENTS FOR PACKAGERS TO DEMONSTRATE COMPLIANCE WITH THE 43 ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND PACKAGING STANDARDS ESTABLISHED PURSUANT TO SUBDI- 44 VISION TWO OF THIS SECTION, AND PROCEDURES TO ENSURE EFFECTIVE OVERSIGHT 45 OF PACKAGER COMPLIANCE WITH THOSE STANDARDS BY THE DEPARTMENT; 46 (B) A METHODOLOGY FOR THE CALCULATION OF RECYCLING RATES FOR MATERIAL 47 USED IN RECYCLABLE PACKAGING, INCLUDING THE CONDITIONS AND CRITERIA TO 48 BE MET BY A PACKAGER SEEKING TO QUALIFY A PACKAGE AS RECYCLABLE BY 49 COMPOSTING SUCH MATERIAL; AND 50 (C) PROCEDURES FOR DEPARTMENT REVIEW OF EXEMPTIONS UNDER SUBDIVISION 51 THREE OF THIS SECTION. 52 6. REPORTS ON RECYCLING RATES. BY APRIL FIRST OF EACH YEAR, THE 53 DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, SHALL SUBMIT A REPORT TO THE GOVER- 54 NOR AND THE LEGISLATURE STATING THE RECYCLING RATES FOR THE PREVIOUS 55 CALENDAR YEAR FOR THE TYPES OF MATERIALS USED IN PACKAGING, ASSESSING 56 THE LEVELS OF POST-CONSUMER RECYCLED CONTENT IN A REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE S. 5377 5 1 OF PACKAGING, AND REVIEWING THE STATUS OF REUSABLE PACKAGING IN THE 2 STATE. FOR RECYCLABLE PACKAGING, THE REPORT SHALL SPECIFY THOSE MATERI- 3 ALS WHICH QUALIFY AS RECYCLABLE PURSUANT TO EACH CRITERION SET FORTH IN 4 PARAGRAPH (J) OF SUBDIVISION ONE OF THIS SECTION. 5 7. ENFORCEMENT AND VIOLATIONS. (A) THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND 6 MARKETS OR THE DEPARTMENT OR, IN A CITY WITH A POPULATION OF ONE MILLION 7 OR MORE, THE CITY'S DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AFFAIRS, MAY INSPECT PACKAG- 8 ING TO DETERMINE WHETHER IT IS ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND. IF, ON THE BASIS 9 OF SUCH INSPECTION, A DETERMINATION IS MADE THAT ANY PACKAGER IS IN 10 VIOLATION OF THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION OR ANY RULE OR REGULATION 11 PROMULGATED THEREUNDER, THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND MARKETS OR THE 12 DEPARTMENT, OR, IN A CITY WITH A POPULATION OF ONE MILLION OR MORE, THE 13 DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AFFAIRS, MAY ISSUE AN ORDER REQUIRING COMPLIANCE 14 OR ISSUE NOTICE OF AN ADMINISTRATIVE ENFORCEMENT HEARING, OR BOTH. ONLY 15 ONE SUCH AGENCY SHALL ISSUE SUCH ORDER, NOTICE, OR HOLD A HEARING ON 16 ANY ONE VIOLATION. THE PACKAGER SHALL BE GIVEN AN OPPORTUNITY TO BE 17 HEARD DURING ANY SUCH HEARING. 18 (B) AS DETERMINED BY A CIVIL OR ADMINISTRATIVE HEARING, ANY PERSON WHO 19 VIOLATES ANY OF THE PROVISIONS OF, OR WHO FAILS TO PERFORM ANY DUTY 20 IMPOSED BY THIS SECTION OR ANY RULE OR REGULATION PROMULGATED THERE- 21 UNDER, OR ANY FINAL DETERMINATION OR ORDER OF THE COMMISSIONER OF THE 22 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND MARKETS OR THE COMMISSIONER OF THE DEPART- 23 MENT, OR IN A CITY WITH A POPULATION OF ONE MILLION OR MORE, THE CITY'S 24 DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AFFAIRS, SHALL BE LIABLE FOR A CIVIL PENALTY NOT 25 TO EXCEED FIFTY DOLLARS FOR EACH UNIT PACKAGE WHICH IS NOT IN COMPLIANCE 26 WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS CHAPTER, OR FIVE HUNDRED DOLLARS FOR EACH 27 INTERMEDIATE PACKAGE OR SHIPPING CONTAINER WHICH IS NOT IN COMPLIANCE 28 WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS CHAPTER, PROVIDED THAT NO PERSON SHALL PAY A 29 PENALTY IN EXCESS OF TWENTY THOUSAND DOLLARS FOR ANY ONE SHIPMENT OF 30 PACKAGING. IN CONSIDERING THE AMOUNT OF THE PENALTY TO BE IMPOSED FOR 31 EACH VIOLATION, THE COMMISSIONER OF THE DEPARTMENT OR THE COMMISSIONER 32 OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND MARKETS OR THE COMMISSIONER OF THE 33 DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AFFAIRS SHALL CONSIDER ANY EVIDENCE PRESENTED 34 REGARDING THE FOLLOWING FACTORS: COST, SIZE, WEIGHT OF THE PRODUCT AND 35 PACKAGE, COMPLIANCE HISTORY OF THE VIOLATOR, AND ANY OTHER FACTORS WHICH 36 JUSTICE REQUIRES. 37 (C) ANY PERSON MAY COMMENCE A CIVIL ACTION IN SUPREME COURT AGAINST 38 ANY PACKAGER WHO IS ALLEGED TO BE IN VIOLATION OF ANY PROVISION OF THIS 39 SECTION OR ANY REGULATION PROMULGATED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION. NO SUCH 40 ACTION MAY BE COMMENCED: 41 (I) PRIOR TO SIXTY DAYS AFTER THE PLAINTIFF OR PLAINTIFFS HAVE GIVEN 42 NOTICE OF THE VIOLATION TO THE ALLEGED VIOLATOR, THE ATTORNEY GENERAL, 43 THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND MARKETS AND, IN A CITY WITH A POPU- 44 LATION OF ONE MILLION OR MORE, THE CITY'S DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER 45 AFFAIRS; OR 46 (II) IF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL, THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND 47 MARKETS, OR, IN A CITY WITH A POPULATION OF ONE MILLION OR MORE, THE 48 CITY'S DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AFFAIRS HAS COMMENCED A CIVIL OR ADMINIS- 49 TRATIVE ACTION TO REQUIRE COMPLIANCE WITH THE PROVISION OR REGULATION; 50 OR 51 (III) IF AN ALLEGED VIOLATOR HAS A PENDING APPLICATION FOR AN 52 EXEMPTION FILED WITH THE DEPARTMENT. 53 THE COURT, IN ISSUING ANY FINAL ORDER IN AN ACTION COMMENCED OR MAIN- 54 TAINED PURSUANT TO THIS SUBDIVISION, MAY AWARD COSTS OF LITIGATION, 55 INCLUDING REASONABLE ATTORNEY AND EXPERT WITNESS FEES, TO ANY PREVAILING 56 COMPLAINANT. S. 5377 6 1 (D) NO PACKAGER OF A PRODUCT WILL BE HELD IN VIOLATION OF THIS SECTION 2 WHO CAN SHOW THAT, IN THE PURCHASE OF A PACKAGE OR PACKAGING COMPONENT, 3 HE OR SHE RELIED IN GOOD FAITH ON THE LABEL OF THE MANUFACTURER ON SUCH 4 PACKAGING OR PACKAGING COMPONENT THAT SUCH PACKAGING OR PACKAGING COMPO- 5 NENT EITHER COMPLIED WITH OR WAS EXEMPT FROM THE REQUIREMENTS OF THIS 6 SECTION. 7 (E) NO PACKAGER WHO IS ENGAGED IN RETAIL SALE OF FOOD PRODUCTS ON 8 BEHALF OF A NOT-FOR-PROFIT CORPORATION WILL BE HELD IN VIOLATION OF THIS 9 SECTION UNLESS SUCH PACKAGER IS AN EMPLOYEE OF SUCH CORPORATION OR 10 UNLESS SUCH PACKAGER ACTS KNOWINGLY AND IN BAD FAITH. 11 S 4. Severability. The provisions of this act shall be severable, and 12 if any part of this act shall be held invalid, the remainder of this act 13 and the application thereof shall not be affected thereby. 14 S 5. This act shall take effect immediately.