Bill Text: FL S1534 | 2023 | Regular Session | Comm Sub


Bill Title: Pretrial Release and Detention

Spectrum:

Status: (Introduced - Dead) 2023-04-26 - Laid on Table, companion bill(s) passed, see CS/CS/HB 1627 (Ch. 2023-27) [S1534 Detail]

Download: Florida-2023-S1534-Comm_Sub.html
       Florida Senate - 2023                             CS for SB 1534
       
       
        
       By the Committee on Fiscal Policy; and Senator Martin
       
       
       
       
       
       594-03811-23                                          20231534c1
    1                        A bill to be entitled                      
    2         An act relating to pretrial release and detention;
    3         amending s. 903.011, F.S.; providing for setting,
    4         reduction, and alteration of bail; requiring the
    5         Supreme Court to create and periodically update a
    6         statewide uniform bail bond schedule for certain
    7         offenses; providing for the chief judge of a judicial
    8         circuit to establish a lower bail bond schedule in
    9         certain cases; requiring Supreme Court approval for
   10         local deviations from the statewide uniform bail bond
   11         schedule; providing that arrested persons in certain
   12         categories may not be released until a first
   13         appearance and that bond for such persons be
   14         individually determined based on specified factors;
   15         amending s. 903.047, F.S.; authorizing a court to
   16         consider nonmonetary conditions in addition to or in
   17         lieu of a monetary amount subject to specified
   18         limitations; listing possible nonmonetary conditions;
   19         amending s. 903.0471, F.S.; providing that a court may
   20         revoke pretrial release and order pretrial detention
   21         if a defendant materially violates any release
   22         condition; amending s. 907.041, F.S.; revising the
   23         definition of the term “dangerous crime”; providing
   24         that a person arrested for a dangerous crime may not
   25         be granted nonmonetary pretrial release at a first
   26         appearance hearing; specifying that upon motion by the
   27         state attorney, a court may order pretrial detention
   28         in certain circumstances; providing for a detention
   29         hearing for persons charged with dangerous crimes;
   30         authorizing a state attorney or a court to move for
   31         detention of persons charged with dangerous crimes in
   32         certain circumstances; requiring a court to order
   33         pretrial detention in certain circumstances; providing
   34         requirements for detention hearings; revising
   35         requirements for a pretrial detention order; requiring
   36         a court to provide specified information to certain
   37         defendants; providing that a party may move for
   38         reconsideration of a pretrial detention order any time
   39         before trial in certain circumstances; removing a
   40         requirement for pretrial detention for defendants
   41         charged with illegally manufacturing controlled
   42         substances in certain cases; providing an effective
   43         date.
   44          
   45  Be It Enacted by the Legislature of the State of Florida:
   46  
   47         Section 1. Subsections (4), (5), and (6) are added to
   48  section 903.011, Florida Statutes, to read:
   49         903.011 Pretrial release “Bail” and “bond” defined; general
   50  terms; statewide uniform bond schedule.—
   51         (4)Except as authorized in subsection (5), only a judge
   52  may set, reduce, or otherwise alter a defendant’s bail. Upon
   53  motion by a defendant, or on the court’s own motion, a court may
   54  reconsider the monetary component of a defendant’s bail if he or
   55  she is unable to post a monetary bond.
   56         (5)(a)Beginning January 1, 2024, and annually thereafter,
   57  the Supreme Court must adopt a uniform statewide bond schedule
   58  for criminal offenses not described in subsection (6) for which
   59  a person may be released on bail before and in lieu of his or
   60  her first appearance hearing or bail determination. The Supreme
   61  Court must make the revised uniform statewide bond schedule
   62  available to each judicial circuit.
   63         (b)Except as provided in paragraph (c), the chief judge of
   64  a judicial circuit may not establish a local bond schedule that
   65  sets a lower bond amount than that required by the uniform
   66  statewide bond schedule for the purpose of setting a defendant’s
   67  bail before a first appearance hearing or bail determination.
   68         (c)The chief judge of a judicial circuit may petition the
   69  Supreme Court for approval of a local bond schedule that sets a
   70  lower bond amount than that required by the uniform statewide
   71  bond schedule. If the Supreme Court reviews and approves the
   72  local bond schedule, such schedule may be used for the purpose
   73  of setting a defendant’s bail before a first appearance hearing
   74  or bail determination pending the adoption of a new or revised
   75  uniform statewide bond schedule pursuant to paragraph (a).
   76         (d)The chief judge of a judicial circuit may establish a
   77  local bond schedule that increases the monetary bond applicable
   78  to an offense that is included in the uniform statewide bond
   79  schedule adopted by the Supreme Court. Such a deviation from the
   80  uniform statewide bond schedule does not require approval by the
   81  Supreme Court.
   82         (e)In adopting the uniform statewide bond schedule or
   83  reviewing a petition for a local bond schedule that deviates
   84  from the uniform statewide bond schedule, the Florida Supreme
   85  Court shall evaluate the amount of monetary bond necessary to
   86  protect the community from risk of physical harm, to assure the
   87  presence of the accused at trial, and to protect the integrity
   88  of the judicial process.
   89         (f)The uniform statewide bond schedule shall not bind a
   90  judge in an individual case who is conducting a first appearance
   91  hearing or bail determination.
   92         (6)A person may not be released before his or her first
   93  appearance hearing or bail determination and a judge must
   94  determine the appropriate bail, if any, based on an
   95  individualized consideration of the criteria in s. 903.046(2),
   96  if the person meets any of the following criteria:
   97         (a)The person was, at the time of arrest for any felony,
   98  on pretrial release, probation, or community control in this
   99  state or any other state;
  100         (b)The person was, at the time of arrest, designated as a
  101  sexual offender or sexual predator in this state or any other
  102  state;
  103         (c)The person was arrested for violating a protective
  104  injunction;
  105         (d)The person was, at the time of arrest, on release from
  106  supervision under s. 947.1405, s. 947.146, s. 947.149, or s.
  107  944.4731;
  108         (e)The person has, at any time before the current arrest,
  109  been sentenced pursuant to s. 775.082(9) or s. 775.084 as a
  110  prison releasee reoffender, habitual violent felony offender,
  111  three-time violent felony offender, or violent career criminal;
  112         (f)The person has been arrested three or more times in the
  113  12 months immediately preceding his or her arrest for the
  114  current offense; or
  115         (g)The person’s current offense of arrest is for one or
  116  more of the following crimes:
  117         1.A capital felony, life felony, felony of the first
  118  degree, or felony of the second degree;
  119         2.A homicide under chapter 782; or any attempt,
  120  solicitation, or conspiracy to commit a homicide;
  121         3.Assault in furtherance of a riot or an aggravated riot;
  122  felony battery; domestic battery by strangulation; domestic
  123  violence, as defined in s. 741.28; stalking; mob intimidation;
  124  assault or battery on a law enforcement officer; assault or
  125  battery on juvenile probation officer, or other staff of a
  126  detention center or commitment facility, or a staff member of a
  127  commitment facility, or health services personnel; assault or
  128  battery on a person 65 years of age or older; robbery; burglary;
  129  carjacking; or resisting an officer with violence;
  130         4.Kidnapping, false imprisonment, human trafficking, or
  131  human smuggling;
  132         5.Possession of a firearm or ammunition by a felon,
  133  violent career criminal, or person subject to an injunction
  134  against committing acts of domestic violence, stalking, or
  135  cyberstalking;
  136         6.Sexual battery; indecent, lewd, or lascivious touching;
  137  exposure of sexual organs; incest; luring or enticing a child;
  138  or child pornography;
  139         7.Abuse, neglect, or exploitation of an elderly person or
  140  disabled adult;
  141         8.Child abuse or aggravated child abuse;
  142         9.Arson; riot, aggravated riot, inciting a riot, or
  143  aggravated inciting a riot; or a burglary or theft during a
  144  riot;
  145         10.Escape; tampering or retaliating against a witness,
  146  victim, or informant; destruction of evidence; or tampering with
  147  a jury;
  148         11.Any offense committed for the purpose of benefitting,
  149  promoting, or furthering the interests of a criminal gang;
  150         12.Trafficking in a controlled substance, including
  151  conspiracy to engage in trafficking in a controlled substance;
  152         13.Racketeering; or
  153         14.Failure to appear at required court proceedings while
  154  on bail.
  155         Section 2. Paragraph (c) of subsection (1) of section
  156  903.047, Florida Statutes, is amended to read:
  157         903.047 Conditions of pretrial release.—
  158         (1) As a condition of pretrial release, whether such
  159  release is by surety bail bond or recognizance bond or in some
  160  other form, the defendant must:
  161         (c) Comply with all conditions of pretrial release imposed
  162  by the court. A court must consider s. 903.046(2) when
  163  determining whether to impose nonmonetary conditions in addition
  164  to or in lieu of monetary bond. Such nonmonetary conditions may
  165  include, but are not limited to, requiring a defendant to:
  166         1.Maintain employment, or, if unemployed, actively seek
  167  employment.
  168         2.Maintain or commence an educational program.
  169         3.Abide by specified restrictions on personal
  170  associations, place of residence, or travel.
  171         4.Report on a regular basis to a designated law
  172  enforcement agency, pretrial services agency, or other agency.
  173         5.Comply with a specified curfew.
  174         6.Refrain from possessing a firearm, destructive device,
  175  or other dangerous weapon.
  176         7.Refrain from excessive use of alcohol, or any use of a
  177  narcotic drug or other controlled substance without a
  178  prescription from a licensed medical practitioner.
  179         8.Undergo available medical, psychological, psychiatric,
  180  mental health, or substance abuse evaluation and follow all
  181  recommendations, including treatment for drug or alcohol
  182  dependency, and remain in a specified institution, if required
  183  for that purpose.
  184         9.Return to custody for specified hours following release
  185  for employment, school, or other limited purposes.
  186         10.Any other condition that is reasonably necessary to
  187  assure the appearance of the defendant at subsequent proceedings
  188  and to protect the community against unreasonable danger of
  189  harm.
  190         Section 3. Section 903.0471, Florida Statutes, is amended
  191  to read:
  192         903.0471 Violation of condition of pretrial release.
  193  Notwithstanding s. 907.041, a court may, on its own motion,
  194  revoke pretrial release and order pretrial detention if the
  195  court finds probable cause to believe that the defendant
  196  committed a new crime while on pretrial release or violated any
  197  other condition of pretrial release in a material respect.
  198         Section 4. Subsection (4) of section 907.041, Florida
  199  Statutes, is amended to read:
  200         907.041 Pretrial detention and release.—
  201         (4) PRETRIAL DETENTION.—
  202         (a) As used in this subsection, “dangerous crime” means any
  203  of the following:
  204         1. Arson;
  205         2. Aggravated assault;
  206         3. Aggravated battery;
  207         4. Illegal use of explosives;
  208         5. Child abuse or aggravated child abuse;
  209         6. Abuse of an elderly person or disabled adult, or
  210  aggravated abuse of an elderly person or disabled adult;
  211         7. Aircraft piracy;
  212         8. Kidnapping;
  213         9. Homicide;
  214         10. Manslaughter, including DUI manslaughter and BUI
  215  manslaughter;
  216         11. Sexual battery;
  217         12. Robbery;
  218         13. Carjacking;
  219         14. Lewd, lascivious, or indecent assault or act upon or in
  220  presence of a child under the age of 16 years;
  221         15. Sexual activity with a child, who is 12 years of age or
  222  older but less than 18 years of age, by or at solicitation of
  223  person in familial or custodial authority;
  224         16. Burglary of a dwelling;
  225         17. Stalking and aggravated stalking;
  226         18. Act of domestic violence as defined in s. 741.28;
  227         19. Home invasion robbery;
  228         20. Act of terrorism as defined in s. 775.30;
  229         21. Manufacturing any substances in violation of chapter
  230  893;
  231         22. Attempting or conspiring to commit any such crime; and
  232         23. Human trafficking;
  233         24.Trafficking in any controlled substance described in s.
  234  893.135(1)(c)4.;
  235         25.Extortion in violation of s. 836.05; and
  236         26.Written threats to kill in violation of s. 836.10.
  237         (b) A No person arrested for charged with a dangerous crime
  238  may not shall be granted nonmonetary pretrial release at a first
  239  appearance hearing if the court has determined there is probable
  240  cause to believe the person has committed the offense; however,
  241  the court shall retain the discretion to release an accused on
  242  electronic monitoring or on recognizance bond if the findings on
  243  the record of facts and circumstances warrant such a release.
  244         (c) Upon motion by the state attorney, the court may order
  245  pretrial detention if it finds a substantial probability, based
  246  on a defendant’s past and present patterns of behavior, the
  247  criteria in s. 903.046, and any other relevant facts, that any
  248  of the following circumstances exist:
  249         1. The defendant has previously violated conditions of
  250  release and that no further conditions of release are reasonably
  251  likely to assure the defendant’s appearance at subsequent
  252  proceedings;
  253         2. The defendant, with the intent to obstruct the judicial
  254  process, has threatened, intimidated, or injured any victim,
  255  potential witness, juror, or judicial officer, or has attempted
  256  or conspired to do so, and that no condition of release will
  257  reasonably prevent the obstruction of the judicial process;
  258         3. The defendant is charged with trafficking in controlled
  259  substances as defined by s. 893.135, that there is a substantial
  260  probability that the defendant has committed the offense, and
  261  that no conditions of release will reasonably assure the
  262  defendant’s appearance at subsequent criminal proceedings;
  263         4. The defendant is charged with DUI manslaughter, as
  264  defined by s. 316.193, and that there is a substantial
  265  probability that the defendant committed the crime and that the
  266  defendant poses a threat of harm to the community; conditions
  267  that would support a finding by the court pursuant to this
  268  subparagraph that the defendant poses a threat of harm to the
  269  community include, but are not limited to, any of the following:
  270         a. The defendant has previously been convicted of any crime
  271  under s. 316.193, or of any crime in any other state or
  272  territory of the United States that is substantially similar to
  273  any crime under s. 316.193;
  274         b. The defendant was driving with a suspended driver
  275  license when the charged crime was committed; or
  276         c. The defendant has previously been found guilty of, or
  277  has had adjudication of guilt withheld for, driving while the
  278  defendant’s driver license was suspended or revoked in violation
  279  of s. 322.34;
  280         5. The defendant poses the threat of harm to the community.
  281  The court may so conclude, if it finds that the defendant is
  282  presently charged with a dangerous crime, that there is a
  283  substantial probability that the defendant committed such crime,
  284  that the factual circumstances of the crime indicate a disregard
  285  for the safety of the community, and that there are no
  286  conditions of release reasonably sufficient to protect the
  287  community from the risk of physical harm to persons;
  288         6. The defendant was on probation, parole, or other release
  289  pending completion of sentence or on pretrial release for a
  290  dangerous crime at the time the current offense was committed;
  291         7. The defendant has violated one or more conditions of
  292  pretrial release or bond for the offense currently before the
  293  court and the violation, in the discretion of the court,
  294  supports a finding that no conditions of release can reasonably
  295  protect the community from risk of physical harm to persons or
  296  assure the presence of the accused at trial; or
  297         8.a. The defendant has ever been sentenced pursuant to s.
  298  775.082(9) or s. 775.084 as a prison releasee reoffender,
  299  habitual violent felony offender, three-time violent felony
  300  offender, or violent career criminal, or the state attorney
  301  files a notice seeking that the defendant be sentenced pursuant
  302  to s. 775.082(9) or s. 775.084, as a prison releasee reoffender,
  303  habitual violent felony offender, three-time violent felony
  304  offender, or violent career criminal;
  305         b. There is a substantial probability that the defendant
  306  committed the offense; and
  307         c. There are no conditions of release that can reasonably
  308  protect the community from risk of physical harm or ensure the
  309  presence of the accused at trial.
  310         (d)If a defendant is arrested for a dangerous crime that
  311  is a capital felony, a life felony, or a felony of the first
  312  degree, and the court determines there is probable cause to
  313  believe the defendant committed the offense, the state attorney,
  314  or the court on its own motion, shall motion for pretrial
  315  detention. If the court finds a substantial probability that the
  316  defendant committed the offense and, based on the defendant’s
  317  past and present patterns of behavior, consideration of the
  318  criteria in s. 903.046, and any other relevant facts, that no
  319  conditions of release or bail will reasonably protect the
  320  community from risk of physical harm, ensure the presence of the
  321  defendant at trial, or assure the integrity of the judicial
  322  process, the court must order pretrial detention.
  323         (e)(d) When a person charged with a crime for which
  324  pretrial detention could be ordered is arrested, the arresting
  325  agency shall promptly notify the state attorney of the arrest
  326  and shall provide the state attorney with such information as
  327  the arresting agency has obtained relative to:
  328         1. The nature and circumstances of the offense charged;
  329         2. The nature of any physical evidence seized and the
  330  contents of any statements obtained from the defendant or any
  331  witness;
  332         3. The defendant’s family ties, residence, employment,
  333  financial condition, and mental condition; and
  334         4. The defendant’s past conduct and present conduct,
  335  including any record of convictions, previous flight to avoid
  336  prosecution, or failure to appear at court proceedings.
  337         (f)(e) When a person charged with a crime for which
  338  pretrial detention could be ordered is arrested, the arresting
  339  agency may detain such defendant, prior to his or her first
  340  appearance hearing or prior to the filing by the state attorney
  341  of a motion seeking pretrial detention, for a period not to
  342  exceed 24 hours.
  343         (g)1.(f)If a motion for pretrial detention is required
  344  under paragraph (d), the pretrial detention hearing must shall
  345  be held within 5 days after the defendant’s first appearance
  346  hearing or, if there is no first appearance hearing, within 5
  347  days after the defendant’s arraignment of the filing by the
  348  state attorney of a complaint to seek pretrial detention.
  349         2.If a state attorney files a motion for pretrial
  350  detention under paragraph (c), the pretrial detention hearing
  351  must be held within 5 days after the filing of such motion.
  352         3. The defendant may request a continuance of a pretrial
  353  detention hearing. No continuance shall be for longer than 5
  354  days unless there are extenuating circumstances. The defendant
  355  may be detained pending the hearing. The state attorney shall be
  356  entitled to one continuance for good cause.
  357         4.The defendant may be detained pending the completion of
  358  the pretrial detention hearing. If a defendant is released on
  359  bail pending a pretrial detention hearing under paragraph (d),
  360  the court must inform the defendant that if he or she uses a
  361  surety bond to meet the monetary component of pretrial release
  362  and the motion for pretrial detention is subsequently granted,
  363  the defendant will not be entitled to the return of the premium
  364  on such surety bond.
  365         (h)(g) The state attorney has the burden of showing the
  366  need for pretrial detention.
  367         (i)(h) The defendant is entitled to be represented by
  368  counsel, to present witnesses and evidence, and to cross-examine
  369  witnesses. The rules concerning admissibility of evidence in
  370  criminal trials do not apply to the presentation and
  371  consideration of evidence at the detention hearing The court may
  372  admit relevant evidence without complying with the rules of
  373  evidence, but evidence secured in violation of the United States
  374  Constitution or the Constitution of the State of Florida shall
  375  not be admissible. No testimony by the defendant shall be
  376  admissible to prove guilt at any other judicial proceeding, but
  377  such testimony may be admitted in an action for perjury, based
  378  upon the defendant’s statements made at the pretrial detention
  379  hearing, or for impeachment.
  380         (j)A party may motion for a pretrial detention order to be
  381  reconsidered at any time before a defendant’s trial if the judge
  382  finds that information exists that was not known to the party
  383  moving for reconsideration at the time of the pretrial detention
  384  hearing and that such information has a material bearing on
  385  determining whether there are conditions of release or bail that
  386  will reasonably assure the appearance of the defendant as
  387  required and the safety of any other person and the community
  388  from harm.
  389         (k)(i) The pretrial detention order of the court shall be
  390  based solely upon evidence produced at the hearing and shall
  391  contain findings of fact and conclusions of law to support it.
  392  The order shall be made either in writing or orally on the
  393  record. The court shall render its findings within 24 hours of
  394  the pretrial detention hearing.
  395         (l)(j) A defendant convicted at trial following the
  396  issuance of a pretrial detention order shall have credited to
  397  his or her sentence, if imprisonment is imposed, the time the
  398  defendant was held under the order, pursuant to s. 921.161.
  399         (m)(k) The defendant shall be entitled to dissolution of
  400  the pretrial detention order whenever the court finds that a
  401  subsequent event has eliminated the basis for detention.
  402         (l)The Legislature finds that a person who manufactures
  403  any substances in violation of chapter 893 poses a threat of
  404  harm to the community and that the factual circumstances of such
  405  a crime indicate a disregard for the safety of the community.
  406  The court shall order pretrial detention if the court finds that
  407  there is a substantial probability that a defendant charged with
  408  manufacturing any substances in violation of chapter 893
  409  committed such a crime and if the court finds that there are no
  410  conditions of release reasonably sufficient to protect the
  411  community from the risk of physical harm to persons.
  412         Section 5. This act shall take effect January 1, 2024.

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