Bill Text: CT HB06629 | 2011 | General Assembly | Comm Sub
Bill Title: An Act Concerning Domestic Violence.
Spectrum: Moderate Partisan Bill (Democrat 49-15-1)
Status: (Passed) 2011-07-08 - Signed by the Governor [HB06629 Detail]
Download: Connecticut-2011-HB06629-Comm_Sub.html
General Assembly |
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January Session, 2011 |
*_____HB06629INS___051911____* |
AN ACT CONCERNING DOMESTIC VIOLENCE.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Assembly convened:
Section 1. Section 46b-15 of the general statutes is repealed and the following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 1, 2011):
(a) Any family or household member as defined in section 46b-38a, as amended by this act, who has been subjected to a continuous threat of present physical pain or physical injury, stalking, a pattern of verbal intimidation or a pattern of threatening, by another family or household member [or person in, or has recently been in, a dating relationship who has been subjected to a continuous threat of present physical pain or physical injury by the other person in such relationship] may make an application to the Superior Court for relief under this section.
(b) The application form shall allow the applicant, at the applicant's option, to indicate whether the respondent holds a permit to carry a pistol or revolver or possesses one or more firearms. The application shall be accompanied by an affidavit made under oath which includes a brief statement of the conditions from which relief is sought. Upon receipt of the application the court shall order that a hearing on the application be held not later than fourteen days from the date of the order. The court, in its discretion, may make such orders as it deems appropriate for the protection of the applicant and such dependent children or other persons as the court sees fit. In making such orders, the court, in its discretion, may consider relevant court records if the records are available to the public from a clerk of the Superior Court or on the Judicial Branch's Internet web site. Such orders may include temporary child custody or visitation rights, and such relief may include, but is not limited to, an order enjoining the respondent from (1) imposing any restraint upon the person or liberty of the applicant; (2) threatening, harassing, assaulting, molesting, sexually assaulting or attacking the applicant; or (3) entering the family dwelling or the dwelling of the applicant. Such order may include provisions necessary to protect any animal owned or kept by the applicant including, but not limited to, an order enjoining the respondent from injuring or threatening to injure such animal. If an applicant alleges an immediate and present physical danger to the applicant, the court may issue an ex parte order granting such relief as it deems appropriate. If a postponement of a hearing on the application is requested by either party and granted, the order shall not be continued except upon agreement of the parties or by order of the court for good cause shown.
(c) Every order of the court made in accordance with this section shall contain the following language: "This order may be extended by the court beyond six months. In accordance with section 53a-107, entering or remaining in a building or any other premises in violation of this order constitutes criminal trespass in the first degree. This is a criminal offense punishable by a term of imprisonment of not more than one year, a fine of not more than two thousand dollars or both."
(d) No order of the court shall exceed six months, except that an order may be extended by the court upon motion of the applicant for such additional time as the court deems necessary. If the respondent has not appeared upon the initial application, service of a motion to extend an order may be made by first-class mail directed to the respondent at his or her last known address.
(e) The applicant shall cause notice of the hearing pursuant to subsection (b) of this section and a copy of the application and the applicant's affidavit and of any ex parte order issued pursuant to subsection (b) of this section to be served on the respondent not less than five days before the hearing. The cost of such service shall be paid for by the Judicial Branch. Upon the granting of an ex parte order, the clerk of the court shall provide two copies of the order to the applicant. Upon the granting of an order after notice and hearing, the clerk of the court shall provide two copies of the order to the applicant and a copy to the respondent. Every order of the court made in accordance with this section after notice and hearing shall be accompanied by a notification that is consistent with the full faith and credit provisions set forth in 18 USC 2265(a), as amended from time to time. Immediately after making service on the respondent, the proper officer shall send or cause to be sent, by facsimile or other means, a copy of the application, or the information contained in such application, stating the date and time the respondent was served, to the law enforcement agency or agencies for the town in which the applicant resides, the town in which the applicant is employed and the town in which the respondent resides. The clerk of the court shall send, by facsimile or other means, a copy of any ex parte order and of any order after notice and hearing, or the information contained in any such order, to the law enforcement agency or agencies for the town in which the applicant resides, the town in which the applicant is employed and the town in which the respondent resides, within forty-eight hours of the issuance of such order.
(f) A caretaker who is providing shelter in his or her residence to a person sixty years or older shall not be enjoined from the full use and enjoyment of his or her home and property. The Superior Court may make any other appropriate order under the provisions of this section.
(g) When a motion for contempt is filed for violation of a restraining order, there shall be an expedited hearing. Such hearing shall be held within five court days of service of the motion on the respondent, provided service on the respondent is made not less than twenty-four hours before the hearing. If the court finds the respondent in contempt for violation of an order, the court may impose such sanctions as the court deems appropriate.
(h) An action under this section shall not preclude the applicant from seeking any other civil or criminal relief.
Sec. 2. Section 46b-38a of the general statutes is repealed and the following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 1, 2011):
For the purposes of sections 46b-38a to 46b-38f, inclusive, as amended by this act:
(1) "Family violence" means an incident resulting in physical harm, bodily injury or assault, or an act of threatened violence that constitutes fear of imminent physical harm, bodily injury or assault between family or household members. Verbal abuse or argument shall not constitute family violence unless there is present danger and the likelihood that physical violence will occur.
(2) "Family or household member" means (A) spouses, former spouses; (B) parents and their children; (C) persons eighteen years of age or older related by blood or marriage; (D) persons sixteen years of age or older other than those persons in subparagraph (C) presently residing together or who have resided together; (E) persons who have a child in common regardless of whether they are or have been married or have lived together at any time; and (F) persons in, or who have recently been in, a dating relationship, regardless of the age of such persons.
(3) "Family violence crime" means a crime as defined in section 53a-24 which, in addition to its other elements, contains as an element thereof an act of family violence to a family member and shall not include acts by parents or guardians disciplining minor children unless such acts constitute abuse.
(4) "Institutions and services" means peace officers, service providers, mandated reporters of abuse, agencies and departments that provide services to victims and families and services designed to assist victims and families.
Sec. 3. Section 46b-38b of the general statutes is repealed and the following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 1, 2011):
(a) Whenever a peace officer determines upon speedy information that a family violence crime [, except a family violence crime involving a dating relationship,] has been committed within such officer's jurisdiction, such officer shall arrest the person or persons suspected of its commission and charge such person or persons with the appropriate crime. The decision to arrest and charge shall not (1) be dependent on the specific consent of the victim, (2) consider the relationship of the parties, or (3) be based solely on a request by the victim. Whenever a peace officer determines that a family violence crime has been committed, such officer may seize any firearm or electronic defense weapon, as defined in section 53a-3, at the location where the crime is alleged to have been committed that is in the possession of any person arrested for the commission of such crime or suspected of its commission or that is in plain view. Not later than seven days after any such seizure, the law enforcement agency shall return such firearm or electronic defense weapon in its original condition to the rightful owner thereof unless such person is ineligible to possess such firearm or electronic defense weapon or unless otherwise ordered by the court.
(b) No peace officer investigating an incident of family violence shall threaten, suggest or otherwise indicate the arrest of all parties for the purpose of discouraging requests for law enforcement intervention by any party. Where complaints are made by two or more opposing parties, the officer shall evaluate each complaint separately to determine whether such officer should make an arrest or seek a warrant for an arrest. Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, when a peace officer reasonably believes that a party in an incident of family violence has used force as a means of self defense, such officer is not required to arrest such party under this section.
(c) No peace officer shall be held liable in any civil action regarding personal injury or injury to property brought by any party to a family violence incident for an arrest based on probable cause or for any conditions of release imposed pursuant to subsection (b) of section 54-63c.
(d) It shall be the responsibility of the peace officer at the scene of a family violence incident to provide immediate assistance to the victim. Such assistance shall include, but not be limited to: (1) Assisting the victim to obtain medical treatment if such treatment is required; (2) notifying the victim of the right to file an affidavit for a warrant for arrest; (3) informing the victim of services available and referring the victim to the Office of Victim Services; and (4) providing assistance in accordance with the uniform protocols for treating victims of family violence whose immigration status is questionable established pursuant to subsection (g) of this section. In cases where the officer has determined that no cause exists for an arrest, assistance shall include: (A) Assistance as provided in subdivisions (1) to (4), inclusive, of this subsection; and (B) remaining at the scene for a reasonable time until, in the reasonable judgment of the officer, the likelihood of further imminent violence has been eliminated.
(e) (1) Each law enforcement agency shall develop, in conjunction with the Division of Criminal Justice, and implement specific operational guidelines for arrest policies in family violence incidents. Such guidelines shall include, but not be limited to: (A) Procedures for the conduct of a criminal investigation; (B) procedures for arrest and for victim assistance by peace officers; (C) education as to what constitutes speedy information in a family violence incident; (D) procedures with respect to the provision of services to victims; and (E) such other criteria or guidelines as may be applicable to carry out the purposes of sections 46b-1, 46b-15, as amended by this act, 46b-38a to 46b-38f, inclusive, as amended by this act, and 54-1g. Such procedures shall be duly promulgated by such law enforcement agency.
(2) On and after July 1, 2010, each law enforcement agency shall designate at least one officer with supervisory duties to expeditiously process, upon request of a victim of family violence or other crime who is applying for U Nonimmigrant Status (A) a certification of helpfulness on Form I-918, Supplement B, or any subsequent corresponding form designated by the United States Department of Homeland Security, confirming that the victim of family violence or other crime has been helpful, is being helpful, or is likely to be helpful in the investigation or prosecution of the criminal activity, and (B) any subsequent certification required by the victim.
(f) The Police Officer Standards and Training Council, in conjunction with the Division of Criminal Justice, shall establish an education and training program for law enforcement officers, supervisors and state's attorneys on the handling of family violence incidents. Training under such program shall: (1) Stress the enforcement of criminal law in family violence cases and the use of community resources, and include training for peace officers at both recruit and in-service levels; and (2) include, but not be limited to: (A) The nature, extent and causes of family violence; (B) legal rights of and remedies available to victims of family violence and persons accused of family violence; (C) services and facilities available to victims and batterers; (D) legal duties imposed on police officers to make arrests and to offer protection and assistance, including applicable probable cause standards; and (E) techniques for handling incidents of family violence that minimize the likelihood of injury to the officer and promote the safety of the victim. On and after July 1, 2010, training under such program shall also include, within available appropriations, information on (i) the impact of arrests of multiple parties in a family violence case on the immigration status of the parties; (ii) crime scene investigation and evaluation practices in family violence cases designed by the council to reduce the number of multiple arrests in family violence cases; and (iii) practical considerations in the application of state statutes related to family violence. On and after July 1, 2010, such training shall also address, within available appropriations, eligibility for federal T Visas for victims of human trafficking and federal U Visas for unauthorized immigrants who are victims of family violence and other crimes.
(g) Not later than July 1, 2010, the Police Officer Standards and Training Council shall establish uniform protocols for treating victims of family violence whose immigration status is questionable, and shall make such protocols available to law enforcement agencies. Each law enforcement agency shall adopt and use such protocols on and after the date they are established by the council.
Sec. 4. Section 46b-38c of the general statutes is repealed and the following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 1, 2011):
(a) There shall be family violence response and intervention units in the Connecticut judicial system to respond to cases involving family violence. The units shall be coordinated and governed by formal agreement between the Chief State's Attorney and the Judicial Department.
(b) The Court Support Services Division, in accordance with the agreement between the Chief State's Attorney and the Judicial Department, shall establish within each geographical area of the Superior Court a local family violence intervention unit to implement sections 46b-1, 46b-15, as amended by this act, 46b-38a to 46b-38f, inclusive, as amended by this act, and 54-1g. The Court Support Services Division shall oversee direct operations of the local units.
(c) Each such local family violence intervention unit shall: (1) Accept referrals of family violence cases from a judge or prosecutor, (2) prepare written or oral reports on each case for the court by the next court date to be presented at any time during the court session on that date, (3) provide or arrange for services to victims and offenders, (4) administer contracts to carry out such services, and (5) establish centralized reporting procedures. All information provided to a family relations counselor, family relations counselor trainee or family services supervisor employed by the Judicial [Branch] Department in a local family violence intervention unit shall be used solely for the purposes of preparation of the report and the protective order forms for each case and recommendation of services and shall otherwise be confidential and retained in the files of such unit and not be subject to subpoena or other court process for use in any other proceeding or for any other purpose, except that a family relations counselor, family relations counselor trainee or family services supervisor employed by the Judicial [Branch] Department:
(A) Shall disclose to the court and the prosecuting authority for appropriate action information that the victim has indicated that the defendant holds a permit to carry a pistol or revolver or possesses one or more firearms;
(B) May disclose to an employee of the Department of Children and Families information that indicates that a defendant poses a danger or threat to a child or a parent of the child;
(C) May disclose to another family relations counselor, family relations counselor trainee or family services supervisor information pursuant to guidelines adopted by the Chief Court Administrator;
(D) May disclose to a bail commissioner employed by the Judicial [Branch] Department information regarding a defendant who is on or is being considered for pretrial release;
(E) May disclose to a law enforcement agency information that indicates that a defendant poses a danger or threat to another person;
(F) May disclose, after disposition of a family violence case, [(i)] to a probation officer or a juvenile probation officer, for purposes of determining service needs and supervision levels, information regarding a defendant who has been convicted and sentenced to a period of probation in the family violence case; [, and (ii) to organizations under contract with the Judicial Branch to provide family violence programs and services, for purposes of determining program and service needs, information regarding defendants who are their clients; and]
(G) May disclose, after a conviction in a family violence case, to a probation officer for the purpose of preparing a presentence investigation report, any information regarding the defendant that has been provided to the family relations counselor, family relations counselor trainee or family services supervisor in the case or in any other case that resulted in the conviction of the defendant;
(H) May disclose to any organization under contract with the Judicial Department to provide family violence programs and services, for the purpose of determining program and service needs, information regarding any defendant who is a client of such organization, provided no information that personally identifies the victim may be disclosed to such organization; and
[(G)] (I) [The family relations counselor, family relations counselor trainee or family services supervisor shall] Shall disclose such information as may be necessary to fulfill such counselor's, trainee's or supervisor's duty as a mandated reporter under section 17a-101a to report suspected child abuse or neglect.
(d) In all cases of family violence, a written or oral report and recommendation of the local family violence intervention unit shall be available to a judge at the first court date appearance to be presented at any time during the court session on that date. A judge of the Superior Court may consider and impose the following conditions to protect the parties, including, but not limited to: (1) Issuance of a protective order pursuant to subsection (e) of this section; (2) prohibition against subjecting the victim to further violence; (3) referral to a family violence education program for batterers; and (4) immediate referral for more extensive case assessment. Such protective order shall be an order of the court, and the clerk of the court shall cause (A) a copy of such order to be sent to the victim, and (B) a copy of such order, or the information contained in such order, to be sent by facsimile or other means within forty-eight hours of its issuance to the law enforcement agency for the town in which the victim resides and, if the defendant resides in a town different from the town in which the victim resides, to the law enforcement agency for the town in which the defendant resides. If the victim is employed in a town different from the town in which the victim resides, the clerk of the court shall, upon the request of the victim, send, by facsimile or other means, a copy of such order, or the information contained in such order, to the law enforcement agency for the town in which the victim is employed within forty-eight hours of the issuance of such order.
(e) A protective order issued under this section may include provisions necessary to protect the victim from threats, harassment, injury or intimidation by the defendant, including, but not limited to, an order enjoining the defendant from (1) imposing any restraint upon the person or liberty of the victim, (2) threatening, harassing, assaulting, molesting or sexually assaulting the victim, or (3) entering the family dwelling or the dwelling of the victim. A protective order issued under this section may include provisions necessary to protect any animal owned or kept by the victim including, but not limited to, an order enjoining the defendant from injuring or threatening to injure such animal. Such order shall be made a condition of the bail or release of the defendant and shall contain the following [language] notification: "In accordance with section 53a-223 of the Connecticut general statutes, any violation of this order constitutes criminal violation of a protective order which is punishable by a term of imprisonment of not more than five years, a fine of not more than five thousand dollars, or both. Additionally, in accordance with section 53a-107 of the Connecticut general statutes, entering or remaining in a building or any other premises in violation of this order constitutes criminal trespass in the first degree which is punishable by a term of imprisonment of not more than one year, a fine of not more than two thousand dollars, or both. Violation of this order also violates a condition of your bail or release, and may result in raising the amount of bail or revoking release." Every order of the court made in accordance with this section after notice and hearing shall [also contain the following language: "This order is accorded full faith and credit pursuant to 18 USC Section 2265, as amended from time to time."] be accompanied by a notification that is consistent with the full faith and credit provisions set forth in 18 USC 2265(a), as amended from time to time. The information contained in and concerning the issuance of any protective order issued under this section shall be entered in the registry of protective orders pursuant to section 51-5c.
(f) The Judicial [Branch] Department may establish, within available appropriations, a pilot program in three judicial districts for the purpose of using electronic monitoring in accordance with this subsection. Such pilot program shall be conducted in at least one judicial district that contains an urban area, as defined in section 4b-13, and at least one judicial district that does not contain such an urban area. Pursuant to such pilot program, the court may order that any person appearing in such judicial district who is charged with the violation of a restraining order or a protective order, and who has been determined to be a high-risk offender by the family violence intervention unit, be subject to electronic monitoring designed to warn law enforcement agencies, a state-wide information collection center and the victim when the person is within a specified distance of the victim, if the court finds that such electronic monitoring is necessary to protect the victim, provided the cost of such electronic monitoring is paid by the person who is subject to such electronic monitoring, subject to guidelines established by the Chief Court Administrator. If the court orders that such person be subject to electronic monitoring, the clerk of the court shall send, by facsimile or other means, a copy of the order, or the information contained in any such order, to the law enforcement agency or agencies for the town in which the person resides. The Judicial [Branch] Department shall cease operation of any pilot program established under this subsection not later than March 31, 2011, unless resources are available to continue operation of the pilot program.
(g) In cases referred to the local family violence intervention unit, it shall be the function of the unit to (1) identify victim service needs and, by contract with victim service providers, make available appropriate services, and (2) identify appropriate offender services and where possible, by contract, provide treatment programs for offenders.
(h) (1) There shall be a pretrial family violence education program for persons who are charged with family violence crimes. At a minimum, such program shall inform participants of the basic elements of family violence law and applicable penalties. The court may, in its discretion, invoke such program on motion of the defendant when it finds: [(1)] (A) That the defendant has not previously been convicted of a family violence crime which occurred on or after October 1, 1986; [(2)] (B) the defendant has not had a previous case assigned to the family violence education program; [(3)] (C) the defendant has not previously invoked or accepted accelerated rehabilitation under section 54-56e for a family violence crime which occurred on or after October 1, 1986; (D) the defendant has not previously participated in a diversionary intervention program through a family violence intervention unit; and [(4)] (E) that the defendant is not charged with a class A, class B or class C felony, or an unclassified felony carrying a term of imprisonment of more than ten years, or unless good cause is shown, a class D felony, [or] an unclassified offense carrying a term of imprisonment of more than five years, or an offense which involved the infliction of serious physical injury, as defined in section 53a-3. Participation by any person in the accelerated pretrial rehabilitation program under section 54-56e prior to October 1, 1986, shall not prohibit eligibility of such person for the pretrial family violence education program under this section. The court may require that the defendant answer such questions under oath, in open court or before any person designated by the clerk and duly authorized to administer oaths, under the penalties of perjury as will assist the court in making these findings. The court may require the defendant to enter a conditional plea on the family violence crime charges as a condition for assignment to the family violence education program, provided such charges shall be dismissed upon the defendant's successful completion of the family violence education program.
(2) The court, on such motion, may refer the defendant to the family violence intervention unit, and may continue the defendant's case pending the submission of the report of the unit to the court. The court shall also give notice to the victim or victims that the defendant has requested assignment to the family violence education program, and, where possible, give the victim or victims opportunity to be heard. Any defendant who accepts placement in the family violence education program shall agree to the tolling of any statute of limitations with respect to the crime or crimes with which the defendant is charged, and to a waiver of the defendant's right to a speedy trial. Any such defendant shall appear in court and shall be released to the custody of the family violence intervention unit for such period, not exceeding two years, and under such conditions as the court shall order. If the defendant refuses to accept, or, having accepted, violates such conditions, the defendant's case shall be brought to trial. If [the] a defendant who did not enter a conditional plea under subdivision (1) of this subsection satisfactorily completes the family violence education program and complies with the conditions imposed for the period set by the court, the defendant may apply for dismissal of the charges against the defendant and the court, on finding satisfactory compliance, shall dismiss such charges.
(3) Upon dismissal of charges under this subsection, all records of such charges shall be erased pursuant to section 54-142a.
(i) A fee of [two] four hundred dollars shall be paid to the court by any person who enters the family violence education program, except that no person shall be excluded from such program for inability to pay the fee, provided (1) the person files with the court an affidavit of indigency or inability to pay, and (2) the court enters a finding thereof. All such fees shall be credited to the General Fund.
(j) The Judicial Department shall establish an ongoing training program for judges, Court Support Services Division personnel and clerks to inform them about the policies and procedures of sections 46b-1, 46b-15, as amended by this act, 46b-38a to 46b-38f, inclusive, as amended by this act, and 54-1g, including, but not limited to, the function of the family violence intervention units and the use of restraining and protective orders.
Sec. 5. Subsection (a) of section 53a-40e of the general statutes is repealed and the following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 1, 2011):
(a) If any person is convicted of (1) a violation of subdivision (1) or (2) of subsection (a) of section 53-21, section 53a-59, 53a-59a, 53a-60, 53a-60a, 53a-60b, 53a-60c, 53a-70, 53a-70a, 53a-70b, 53a-70c, 53a-71, 53a-72a, 53a-72b, 53a-73a, 53a-181c, 53a-181d, 53a-181e, 53a-182b, 53a-183, 53a-223, as amended by this act, 53a-223a, as amended by this act, or 53a-223b, as amended by this act, or attempt or conspiracy to violate any of said sections or section 53a-54a, against a family or household member, as defined in section 46b-38a, as amended by this act, or (2) any crime that the court determines constitutes a family violence crime, as defined in section 46b-38a, as amended by this act, or attempt or conspiracy to commit any such crime, the court may, in addition to imposing the sentence authorized for the crime under section 53a-35a or 53a-36, if the court is of the opinion that the history and character and the nature and circumstances of the criminal conduct of such offender indicate that a standing criminal protective order will best serve the interest of the victim and the public, issue a standing criminal protective order which shall remain in effect for a duration specified by the court until modified or revoked by the court for good cause shown. If any person is convicted of any crime against a family or household member, as defined in section 46b-38a, as amended by this act, other than a crime specified in subdivision (1) or (2) of this subsection, the court may, for good cause shown, issue a standing criminal protective order pursuant to this subsection.
Sec. 6. Section 54-216 of the general statutes is repealed and the following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 1, 2011):
(a) The Office of Victim Services or, on review, a victim compensation commissioner may order that services be provided for the restitution of any person eligible for such services in accordance with the provisions of sections 54-201 to 54-233, inclusive. Such services may include but shall not be limited to medical, psychiatric, psychological and social services and social rehabilitation services.
(b) The Office of Victim Services or, on review, a victim compensation commissioner may order that such restitution services be provided to victims of child abuse and members of their families, victims of sexual assault and members of their families, victims of domestic violence and members of their families, and members of the family of any victim of homicide. For the purposes of this subsection, "members of their families" or "member of the family" does not include the person responsible for such child abuse, sexual assault, domestic violence or homicide.
(c) The Office of Victim Services may contract with any public or private agency for any services ordered under this section.
Sec. 7. Section 4-165 of the general statutes is repealed and the following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 1, 2011):
(a) No state officer or employee shall be personally liable for damage or injury, not wanton, reckless or malicious, caused in the discharge of his or her duties or within the scope of his or her employment. Any person having a complaint for such damage or injury shall present it as a claim against the state under the provisions of this chapter.
(b) For the purposes of this section, (1) "scope of employment" includes but is not limited to, (A) representation by an attorney appointed by the Public Defender Services Commission as a public defender, assistant public defender or deputy assistant public defender or an attorney appointed by the court as a special assistant public defender of an indigent accused or of a child on a petition of delinquency, (B) representation by such other attorneys, referred to in section 4-141, of state officers and employees in actions brought against such officers and employees in their official and individual capacities, (C) the discharge of duties as a trustee of the state employees retirement system, (D) the discharge of duties of a commissioner of the Superior Court hearing small claims matters or acting as a fact-finder, arbitrator or magistrate or acting in any other quasi-judicial position, (E) the discharge of duties of a person appointed to a committee established by law for the purpose of rendering services to the Judicial Department, including, but not limited to, the Legal Specialization Screening Committee, the State-Wide Grievance Committee, the Client Security Fund Committee, the advisory committee appointed pursuant to section 51-81d and the State Bar Examining Committee, [and] (F) military duty performed by the armed forces of the state while under state active duty, and (G) representation by an individual appointed by the Commission on Child Protection, or by the court, as a guardian ad litem or attorney for a party in a neglect, abuse, termination of parental rights, delinquency or family with service needs proceeding; provided the actions described in subparagraphs (A) to [(F)] (G), inclusive, of this subdivision arise out of the discharge of the duties or within the scope of employment of such officers or employees, and (2) "state employee" includes a member or employee of the soil and water district boards established pursuant to section 22a-315.
Sec. 8. Section 51-181e of the general statutes is repealed and the following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective July 1, 2011):
(a) For the purposes of this section, "domestic violence docket" means a docket in a geographical area separate and apart from other criminal matters for the hearing of family violence matters.
(b) Not later than December 31, 2010, the Chief Court Administrator shall identify geographical areas that do not have a domestic violence docket and designate three geographical areas from among such geographical areas for the establishment of domestic violence dockets. Not later than June 30, 2011, the Chief Court Administrator may establish, within available resources, a domestic violence docket in each geographical area so designated under this subsection. If the Chief Court Administrator establishes such dockets, the Chief Court Administrator shall, prior to establishing such dockets, examine the effectiveness of domestic violence dockets in existence prior to June 7, 2010, and incorporate, within available resources, the operational elements of such dockets that the Chief Court Administrator deems beneficial to victims of family violence. If the Chief Court Administrator does not establish such dockets by June 30, 2011, the Chief Court Administrator shall submit a report, in accordance with section 11-4a, to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to the judiciary, stating the reasons why such dockets were not established.
(c) Not later than December 31, 2011, the Chief Court Administrator shall identify each geographical area that does not have a domestic violence docket and designate six geographical areas from among such geographical areas for the establishment of domestic violence dockets. Not later than June 30, 2012, the Chief Court Administrator shall establish, within available resources, a domestic violence docket in the geographical areas so designated under this subsection. Not later than July 15, 2012, the Chief Court Administrator shall submit a report, in accordance with section 11-4a, to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to the judiciary, indicating the geographical areas so designated and the progress made in establishing such dockets pursuant to this subsection.
Sec. 9. Section 29-36k of the general statutes is repealed and the following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 1, 2011):
(a) Not later than two business days after the occurrence of any event that makes a person ineligible to possess a pistol or revolver or other firearm, such person shall (1) transfer in accordance with section 29-33 all pistols and revolvers which such person then possesses to any person eligible to possess a pistol or revolver and transfer in accordance with any applicable state and federal laws all other firearms to any person eligible to possess such other firearms by obtaining an authorization number for the sale or transfer of the firearm from the Commissioner of Public Safety, and submit a sale or transfer of firearms form to said commissioner within two business days, except no person described in subdivision (3) of subsection (a) of section 53a-217 may transfer a pistol or revolver pursuant to this subdivision, or (2) deliver or surrender such pistols and revolvers and other firearms to the Commissioner of Public Safety. The commissioner shall exercise due care in the receipt and holding of such pistols and revolvers and other firearms. For the purposes of this section, a "person described in subdivision (3) of subsection (a) of section 53a-217" means a person described in said subdivision, regardless of whether such person was convicted under said subdivision.
(b) [Such] Except for a person described in subdivision (3) of subsection (a) of section 53a-217, such person, or such person's legal representative, may, at any time up to one year after such delivery or surrender, transfer such pistols and revolvers in accordance with the provisions of section 29-33 to any person eligible to possess a pistol or revolver and transfer such other firearms in accordance with any applicable state and federal laws to any person eligible to possess such other firearms. Upon notification in writing by the transferee and such person, the Commissioner of Public Safety shall within ten days deliver such pistols and revolvers or other firearms to the transferee. If, at the end of such year, such pistols and revolvers or other firearms have not been so transferred, the commissioner shall cause them to be destroyed.
(c) Any person who fails to transfer, deliver or surrender any such pistols and revolvers and other firearms as provided in this section shall be subject to the penalty provided for in section 53a-217 or 53a-217c.
Sec. 10. Section 29-36n of the general statutes is repealed and the following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 1, 2011):
(a) The Commissioner of Public Safety, in conjunction with the Chief State's Attorney and the Connecticut Police Chiefs Association, shall develop a protocol to ensure that persons who become ineligible to possess a pistol or revolver have, in accordance with section 29-36k, as amended by this act, transferred such pistol or revolver to a person eligible to possess such pistol or revolver or have delivered or surrendered such pistol or revolver to said commissioner.
(b) The Commissioner of Public Safety, in conjunction with the Chief State's Attorney and the Connecticut Police Chiefs Association, shall update the protocol developed pursuant to subsection (a) of this section to reflect the provisions of sections 29-7h, 29-28, 29-28a, 29-29, 29-30, 29-32 and 29-35, subsections (b) and (e) of section 46b-15, as amended by this act, subsections (c) and (d) of section 46b-38c, as amended by this act, and sections 53-202a, 53-202l, 53-202m and 53a-217 and shall include in such protocol specific instructions for the transfer, delivery or surrender of pistols and revolvers when the assistance of more than one law enforcement agency is necessary to effect the requirements of section 29-36k, as amended by this act.
Sec. 11. Section 53a-223 of the general statutes is repealed and the following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 1, 2011):
(a) A person is guilty of criminal violation of a protective order when an order issued pursuant to subsection (e) of section 46b-38c, as amended by this act, or section 54-1k or 54-82r has been issued against such person, and such person violates such order.
(b) No person who is listed as a protected person in such protective order may be criminally liable for (1) soliciting, requesting, commanding, importuning or intentionally aiding in the violation of the protective order pursuant to subsection (a) of section 53a-8, or (2) conspiracy to violate such protective order pursuant to section 53a-48.
[(b)] (c) Criminal violation of a protective order is a class D felony.
Sec. 12. Section 53a-223a of the general statutes is repealed and the following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 1, 2011):
(a) A person is guilty of criminal violation of a standing criminal protective order when an order issued pursuant to subsection (a) of section 53a-40e, as amended by this act, has been issued against such person, and such person violates such order.
(b) No person who is listed as a protected person in such standing criminal protective order may be criminally liable for (1) soliciting, requesting, commanding, importuning or intentionally aiding in the violation of the standing criminal protective order pursuant to subsection (a) of section 53a-8, or (2) conspiracy to violate such standing criminal protective order pursuant to section 53a-48.
[(b)] (c) Criminal violation of a standing criminal protective order is a class D felony.
Sec. 13. Section 53a-223b of the general statutes is repealed and the following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 1, 2011):
(a) A person is guilty of criminal violation of a restraining order when (1) (A) a restraining order has been issued against such person pursuant to section 46b-15, as amended by this act, or (B) a foreign order of protection, as defined in section 46b-15a, has been issued against such person in a case involving the use, attempted use or threatened use of physical force against another, and (2) such person, having knowledge of the terms of the order, (A) does not stay away from a person or place in violation of the order, (B) contacts a person in violation of the order, (C) imposes any restraint upon the person or liberty of a person in violation of the order, or (D) threatens, harasses, assaults, molests, sexually assaults or attacks a person in violation of the order.
(b) No person who is listed as a protected person in such restraining order or foreign order of protection may be criminally liable for (1) soliciting, requesting, commanding, importuning or intentionally aiding in the violation of the restraining order or foreign order pursuant to subsection (a) of section 53a-8, or (2) conspiracy to violate such restraining order or foreign order of protection pursuant to section 53a-48.
[(b)] (c) Criminal violation of a restraining order is a class D felony.
Sec. 14. Section 54-84a of the general statutes is repealed and the following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 1, 2011):
[If any person on trial for crime has a husband or wife, he or she shall be a competent witness but may elect or refuse to testify for or against the accused, except that either spouse who has received personal violence from the other or is the spouse of one who is charged with violation of any of sections 53-20, 53-21, 53-23, 53-304, 53a-70, 53a-70a, 53a-71 and 53a-83 to 53a-88, inclusive, may, upon his or her trial for offenses arising out of such personal violence or from violation of the provisions of any of said sections, be compelled to testify in the same manner as any other witness.]
(a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, in any criminal proceeding, a person may elect or refuse to testify against his or her then lawful spouse.
(b) The testimony of a spouse may be compelled, in the same manner as for any other witness, in a criminal proceeding against the other spouse for (1) joint participation with the spouse in ongoing or future criminal conduct, (2) bodily injury, sexual assault or other violence attempted, committed or threatened upon the spouse, or (3) bodily injury, sexual assault, risk of injury pursuant to section 53-21, or other violence attempted, committed or threatened upon the minor child of either spouse, or any minor child in the care or custody of either spouse.
Sec. 15. (NEW) (Effective October 1, 2011) (a) For the purposes of this section, "confidential communication" means any oral or written communication made between spouses during a marriage that is intended to be confidential and is induced by the affection, confidence, loyalty and integrity of the marital relationship.
(b) Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, in any criminal proceeding, a spouse shall not be (1) required to testify to a confidential communication made by one spouse to the other during the marriage, or (2) allowed to testify to a confidential communication made by one spouse to the other during the marriage without the consent of the other spouse, if living.
(c) The testimony of a spouse regarding a confidential communication may be compelled, in the same manner as for any other witness, in a criminal proceeding against the other spouse for (1) joint participation with the spouse in ongoing or future criminal conduct, (2) bodily injury, sexual assault or other violence attempted, committed or threatened upon the spouse, or (3) bodily injury, sexual assault, risk of injury pursuant to section 53-21 of the general statutes, or other violence attempted, committed or threatened upon the minor child of either spouse, or any minor child in the care or custody of either spouse.
Sec. 16. Subsection (a) of section 38a-660 of the general statutes is repealed and the following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 1, 2011):
(a) As used in this section and sections 18 to 21, inclusive, of this act:
(1) "Commissioner" means the Insurance Commissioner;
(2) "Insurer" means any domestic, foreign or alien insurance company which has qualified generally to transact surety business in this state under the requirements of chapter 698 and specifically to transact bail bond business in this state;
(3) "Surety bail bond agent" means any person who has been approved by the commissioner and appointed by an insurer by power of attorney to execute or countersign bail bonds for the insurer in connection with judicial proceedings;
(4) "License" means a surety bail bond agent license issued by the commissioner to a qualified individual as provided in this section;
(5) "Solicit" includes any written or printed presentation or advertising made by mail or other publication, or any oral presentation or advertising in person or by means of telephone, radio or television which implies that an individual is licensed under this section, and any activity in arranging for bail which results in compensation to the individual conducting that activity;
(6) "Disqualifying offense" means: (A) A felony; or (B) a misdemeanor if an element of the offense involves dishonesty or misappropriation of money or property; and
(7) "Managing general agent" means any person appointed or employed by an insurer to supervise or otherwise manage the bail bond business written in this state by surety bail bond agents appointed by such insurer.
Sec. 17. Subsection (k) of section 38a-660 of the general statutes is repealed and the following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 1, 2011):
(k) (1) To further the enforcement of this section and sections 18 to 21, inclusive, of this act and to determine the eligibility of any licensee, the commissioner may, as often as [he] the commissioner deems necessary, examine the books and records of any such licensee. Each person licensed as a surety bail bond agent in this state shall, on or before January thirty-first, annually, pay to the commissioner a fee of four hundred fifty dollars to cover the cost of examinations under this subsection.
(2) The fees received by the commissioner pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection shall be used to conduct examinations under subdivision (1) of this subsection and shall be deposited in the account established in subdivision (3) of this subsection.
(3) There is established an account to be known as the "surety bail bond agent examination account", which shall be a separate, nonlapsing account within the Insurance Fund established under section 38a-52a. The account shall contain any moneys required by law to be deposited in the account and any such moneys remaining in the account at the close of the fiscal year shall be transferred to the General Fund.
Sec. 18. (NEW) (Effective October 1, 2011) (a) No surety bail bond agent shall execute a bail bond without charging the premium rate approved by the commissioner pursuant to chapter 701 of the general statutes.
(b) Not later than the tenth day of each month, each surety bail bond agent shall certify to the commissioner under oath, on a form prescribed by the commissioner, that the premium for each surety bail bond executed by such agent in the preceding month was not less than, and did not exceed, the premium rate approved by the commissioner. The filing of a false certification by a surety bail bond agent shall be grounds for administrative action in accordance with section 38a-774 of the general statutes.
(c) Each insurer shall semiannually conduct an audit, for the period from January first to June thirtieth and from July first to December thirty-first, of each of its appointed surety bail bond agents to ensure such agents are charging the premium rate as required by subsection (a) of this section. Not later than forty-five days after the closing period of each audit, each insurer shall notify the commissioner of the failure of any surety bail bond agent to charge the premium rate approved by the commissioner pursuant to chapter 701 of the general statutes. Such notice shall include the name of the surety bail bond agent, the case docket number if assigned, the total amount of the bail bond, the date the bail bond was executed, the five-digit identification code assigned to the insurer by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners and the date the premium was due.
(d) Not later than January thirty-first, annually, each insurer shall file with the commissioner a statement certifying the total amount of bail bonds executed by such insurer and the total amount of premiums collected by such insurer on such bail bonds in the calendar year preceding.
(e) Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit or limit a premium financing arrangement that complies with section 19 of this act.
Sec. 19. (NEW) (Effective October 1, 2011) (a) A surety bail bond agent may enter into a premium financing arrangement with a principal or any indemnitor in which such surety bail bond agent extends credit to such principal or indemnitor.
(b) If a surety bail bond agent enters into a premium financing arrangement, the surety bail bond agent shall require (1) the principal on the bail bond or any indemnitor to make a minimum down payment of thirty-five per cent of the premium due, at the premium rate approved by the commissioner pursuant to chapter 701 of the general statutes, and (2) the principal and any indemnitor to execute a promissory note for the balance of the premium due. Such promissory note shall provide that such balance shall be paid not later than fifteen months after the date of the execution of the bail bond. If such balance has not been paid in full to the surety bail bond agent by the due date or a payment due under such arrangement is more than sixty days in arrears, such surety bail bond agent shall file a civil action seeking appropriate relief with the court not later than seventy-five days after such due date. The surety bail bond agent shall make a diligent effort to obtain judgment after filing such civil action on such promissory note unless good cause is shown for failure to obtain judgment, including, but not limited to, the filing for bankruptcy by the principal or the indemnitor or failure to serve process despite good-faith efforts.
Sec. 20. (NEW) (Effective October 1, 2011) (a) All premiums, including any part of a premium that a surety bail bond agent is obligated to return to a principal or indemnitor, and other funds belonging to insurers or others that are received by a surety bail bond agent in performing such agent's duties as a surety bail bond agent, shall be deemed trust funds received by such agent in a fiduciary capacity. Such agent shall account for and pay such funds to the insurer or persons entitled to such funds pursuant to the surety bail bond agent's contract with the insurer or managing general agent. No fees, expenses or charges of any kind shall be deducted from any premium the surety bail bond agent is obligated to return to a principal or indemnitor, except as authorized under this section and sections 18 and 19 of this act.
(b) A surety bail bond agent shall keep and make available to the commissioner or the commissioner's designee any books, accounts and records as necessary to enable the commissioner to determine whether such agent is complying with the provisions of sections 18 to 21, inclusive, of this act. A surety bail bond agent shall preserve the books, accounts and records pertaining to a premium payment for at least three years after making such payment. Records that are preserved by photographic or digital reproduction or records that are in photographic or digital form shall be deemed to be in compliance with this subsection.
(c) Any surety bail bond agent who diverts or appropriates any of the funds received under subsection (a) of this section for such agent's own use shall be subject to the penalties for larceny under sections 53a-122 to 53a-125b, inclusive, of the general statutes, depending on the amount involved.
Sec. 21. (NEW) (Effective October 1, 2011) If a bail bond executed by a surety bail bond agent is forfeited and such forfeiture has remained unpaid for at least sixty days after the date payment has become due, no such surety bail bond agent or insurer that appointed such agent shall execute a bail bond in this state until the full amount of the forfeited bail bond is paid to the Office of the Chief State's Attorney in accordance with procedures set forth by said office.
Sec. 22. Subsection (b) of section 54-64a of the general statutes is repealed and the following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 1, 2011):
(b) (1) When any arrested person charged with the commission of a class A felony, a class B felony, except a violation of section 53a-86 or 53a-122, a class C felony, except a violation of section 53a-87, 53a-152 or 53a-153, or a class D felony under sections 53a-60 to 53a-60c, inclusive, section 53a-72a, 53a-95, 53a-103, 53a-103a, 53a-114, 53a-136 or 53a-216, or a family violence crime, as defined in section 46b-38a, as amended by this act, is presented before the Superior Court, said court shall, in bailable offenses, promptly order the release of such person upon the first of the following conditions of release found sufficient to reasonably assure the appearance of the arrested person in court and that the safety of any other person will not be endangered: (A) Upon such person's execution of a written promise to appear without special conditions, (B) upon such person's execution of a written promise to appear with nonfinancial conditions, (C) upon such person's execution of a bond without surety in no greater amount than necessary, (D) upon such person's execution of a bond with surety in no greater amount than necessary. In addition to or in conjunction with any of the conditions enumerated in subparagraphs (A) to (D), inclusive, of this subdivision, the court may, when it has reason to believe that the person is drug-dependent and where necessary, reasonable and appropriate, order the person to submit to a urinalysis drug test and to participate in a program of periodic drug testing and treatment. The results of any such drug test shall not be admissible in any criminal proceeding concerning such person.
(2) The court may, in determining what conditions of release will reasonably assure the appearance of the arrested person in court and that the safety of any other person will not be endangered, consider the following factors: (A) The nature and circumstances of the offense, (B) such person's record of previous convictions, (C) such person's past record of appearance in court after being admitted to bail, (D) such person's family ties, (E) such person's employment record, (F) such person's financial resources, character and mental condition, (G) such person's community ties, (H) the number and seriousness of charges pending against the arrested person, (I) the weight of the evidence against the arrested person, (J) the arrested person's history of violence, (K) whether the arrested person has previously been convicted of similar offenses while released on bond, and (L) the likelihood based upon the expressed intention of the arrested person that such person will commit another crime while released.
(3) When imposing conditions of release under this subsection that will reasonably assure the appearance of the arrested person in court and that the safety of any other person, including, but not limited to, the victim, will not be endangered, the court shall state for the record any factors under subdivision (2) of this subsection that it considered and the findings that it made as to the danger, if any, that the arrested person might pose to the safety of any other person, including, but not limited to, the victim, upon the arrested person's release that caused the court to impose the specific conditions of release that it imposed.
Sec. 23. (Effective from passage) (a) There is established a task force for the purpose of (1) evaluating existing policies and procedures used by law enforcement agencies when responding to incidents of family violence and violations of restraining and protective orders, and (2) developing a state-wide law enforcement model policy for use by law enforcement agencies when responding to incidents of family violence and violations of protective orders. Such model policy shall include procedures for arrests pursuant to section 46b-38b of the general statutes, as amended by this act.
(b) The task force shall consist of the following members:
(1) One appointed by the speaker of the House of Representatives;
(2) One appointed by the president pro tempore of the Senate;
(3) One appointed by the minority leader of the House of Representatives;
(4) One appointed by the minority leader of the Senate;
(5) One appointed by the Governor;
(6) One representative of the Police Officer Standards and Training Council with experience in domestic violence training, appointed by the chairperson of the council;
(7) One representative of the Office of the Chief State's Attorney, appointed by the Chief State's Attorney;
(8) One representative of the Office of the Chief Public Defender, appointed by the Chief Public Defender;
(9) One representative of the Office of the Victim Advocate, appointed by the Victim Advocate;
(10) One representative of the Division of State Police with experience in domestic violence training, appointed by the Commissioner of Public Safety;
(11) One judge of the Superior Court assigned to hear criminal matters, appointed by the Chief Court Administrator;
(12) One victim of domestic violence, one victim advocate with in-court experience in domestic violence matters, and one representative of the Connecticut Coalition Against Domestic Violence, Inc., each appointed by the executive director of the Connecticut Coalition Against Domestic Violence, Inc.;
(13) One representative of the Legal Assistance Resource Center of Connecticut, appointed by the executive director of said center; and
(14) One representative of the Connecticut Police Chiefs Association, appointed by the president of the association.
(c) Any member of the task force appointed under subdivision (1), (2), (3) or (4) of subsection (b) of this section may be a member of the General Assembly.
(d) All appointments to the task force shall be made not later than thirty days after the effective date of this section. Any vacancy shall be filled by the appointing authority.
(e) The members of the task force shall select two chairpersons of the task force from among the members of the task force. Such chairpersons shall schedule the first meeting of the task force, which shall be held not later than sixty days after the effective date of this section.
(f) The administrative staff of the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to the judiciary shall serve as administrative staff of the task force.
(g) Not later than December 1, 2011, the task force shall submit a report detailing its recommendations for a model policy and implementation plan to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to the judiciary, in accordance with section 11-4a of the general statutes. The task force shall terminate on the date it submits such report or January 1, 2012, whichever is later.
Sec. 24. (Effective from passage) (a) The Chief Court Administrator shall conduct an assessment of any training programs for judges and Judicial Branch staff related to family violence, including, but not limited to, the ongoing training program for judges, Court Support Services Division personnel and clerks established in subsection (j) of section 46b-38c of the general statutes, as amended by this act. At a minimum, such assessment shall compare such training programs to those of other northeastern states.
(b) The Chief Court Administrator shall conduct a study of the principles and effectiveness of the pretrial family violence education program established in section 46b-38c of the general statutes, as amended by this act, using a results-based accountability framework. The study shall include, but not be limited to, the identification of goals of the program, the identification of fundamental elements and critical components of the program, an assessment of short-term and long-term outcomes of the program, an assessment of the feasibility and cost of extending the pretrial family education program beyond the nine weeks currently provided, an assessment of the feasibility and cost of extending programs known as EVOLVE and EXPLORE to all regions of the state, and a comparison of the program to pretrial diversionary domestic violence programs used in other northeastern states.
(c) The Chief Court Administrator shall conduct a study of the principles and effectiveness of the domestic violence dockets in this state and related contracted programs using a results-based accountability framework. The study shall include, but not be limited to, the identification of the goals, fundamental elements and critical components of the dockets, and the identification of short-term and long-term outcomes of the dockets and related contracted programs.
(d) Not later than January 1, 2012, the Chief Court Administrator shall submit a report on the assessment and studies under subsections (a), (b) and (c) of this section to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to the judiciary, in accordance with section 11-4a of the general statutes.
This act shall take effect as follows and shall amend the following sections: | ||
Section 1 |
October 1, 2011 |
46b-15 |
Sec. 2 |
October 1, 2011 |
46b-38a |
Sec. 3 |
October 1, 2011 |
46b-38b |
Sec. 4 |
October 1, 2011 |
46b-38c |
Sec. 5 |
October 1, 2011 |
53a-40e(a) |
Sec. 6 |
October 1, 2011 |
54-216 |
Sec. 7 |
October 1, 2011 |
4-165 |
Sec. 8 |
July 1, 2011 |
51-181e |
Sec. 9 |
October 1, 2011 |
29-36k |
Sec. 10 |
October 1, 2011 |
29-36n |
Sec. 11 |
October 1, 2011 |
53a-223 |
Sec. 12 |
October 1, 2011 |
53a-223a |
Sec. 13 |
October 1, 2011 |
53a-223b |
Sec. 14 |
October 1, 2011 |
54-84a |
Sec. 15 |
October 1, 2011 |
New section |
Sec. 16 |
October 1, 2011 |
38a-660(a) |
Sec. 17 |
October 1, 2011 |
38a-660(k) |
Sec. 18 |
October 1, 2011 |
New section |
Sec. 19 |
October 1, 2011 |
New section |
Sec. 20 |
October 1, 2011 |
New section |
Sec. 21 |
October 1, 2011 |
New section |
Sec. 22 |
October 1, 2011 |
54-64a(b) |
Sec. 23 |
from passage |
New section |
Sec. 24 |
from passage |
New section |
JUD |
Joint Favorable Subst. |
|
APP |
Joint Favorable |
|
INS |
Joint Favorable |