Bill Text: TX SB32 | 2011 | 82nd Legislature 1st Special | Introduced


Bill Title: Relating to requirements for reapportionment of congressional districts.

Spectrum: Partisan Bill (Democrat 1-0)

Status: (Introduced - Dead) 2011-06-03 - Filed [SB32 Detail]

Download: Texas-2011-SB32-Introduced.html
 
 
  By: Rodriguez S.B. No. 32
 
 
 
   
 
 
A BILL TO BE ENTITLED
 
AN ACT
  relating to requirements for reapportionment of congressional
  districts.
         BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:
         SECTION 1.  Subtitle A, Title 3, Government Code, is amended
  by adding Chapter 307 to read as follows:
  CHAPTER 307. CONGRESSIONAL REDISTRICTING
  PRINCIPLES AND PROCEDURES
         Sec. 307.001.  DEFINITIONS. In this chapter:
               (1)  "Census" means the most recent federal decennial
  census.
               (2)  "District" means a proposed or enacted
  congressional district.
               (3)  "Ideal district population" means the population
  calculated by dividing the total state population according to the
  census by the total number of congressional districts apportioned
  to this state.
               (4)  "Plan" means a proposal or enactment that
  establishes or modifies the state's congressional districts.
         Sec. 307.002.  REDISTRICTING PLAN REQUIREMENTS. (a) A plan
  must comply with state and federal constitutional and statutory
  requirements, including the federal Voting Rights Act of 1965 (42
  U.S.C. Section 1973 et seq.).
         (b)  The districts in a plan must be equal in population as
  nearly as practicable.
         (c)  The districts in a plan may not deviate from the ideal
  district population by one percent or more. Any deviation from the
  ideal district population must be in furtherance of a legitimate
  state objective or policy established by this chapter.
         Sec. 307.003.  REDISTRICTING PLAN PRINCIPLES. (a) A plan
  must be based on the following principles to the extent practicable
  and authorized or required by law:
         1.  A plan shall avoid unnecessarily dividing counties and
  municipalities in the formation of districts. District lines shall
  be coterminous with the boundaries of these political subdivisions.
  Municipal boundaries, which may be highly irregular, shall not be
  given priority over retaining a community of interest intact.
         2.  A plan shall keep intact any discrete and insular
  communities of interest that are readily identifiable, based on
  actual shared and relevant interests and common concerns.
  Communities of interest shall be defined by social, economic,
  racial, ethnic, cultural, industrial, commercial, and geographic
  commonalities.
         3.  A district shall be composed solely of undivided census
  tracts as the smallest unit of redistricting.
         4.  A district shall be geographically compact, composed of
  convenient contiguous territory, and based on a sense of community
  enabled by reasonable availability and facility of transportation
  and communication between population centers and other inhabited
  areas. A district shall not be considered non-compact due solely to
  irregular natural geographic or political boundaries. A district
  is not contiguous unless all areas are joined by whole census
  tracts; areas that connect only at the points of adjoining corners
  are not contiguous.
         5.  A plan shall be drawn totally and absolutely without
  regard or reference to partisan political effect or consequences of
  any kind. The following data are strictly prohibited and excluded
  from use in establishing districts: partisan data of any type,
  voting history and electoral data, and locations of the residences
  of incumbents, candidates, or any other specific persons.
         (b)  These principles are intended to recognize the primacy
  of recognizing communities of interest, from regional to local, in
  redistricting. Although population equality is the primary goal of
  redistricting, adjustments to equalize populations should be made
  with minimal disruption to communities of interest as articulated
  by these principles.
         (c)  The principles established by this section are
  interdependent, interrelated, and compatible. A conflict between
  principles when applied must be resolved in favor of the principle
  or set of principles that produces a district that most fairly and
  effectively reflects the affected communities of interest.
         Sec. 307.004.  REGIONAL HEARINGS. (a) The legislature
  shall conduct public hearings regarding congressional
  redistricting in the various geographical regions of the state
  beginning in the year in which the census is taken.
         (b)  At least one public hearing must be conducted within the
  boundaries of each regional planning commission whose
  participating local governments have a total population equal to or
  greater than the ideal district population.
         (c)  Notice of a public hearing must be made in a manner that
  ensures notice to the public. Notice must include the principles
  established by Sections 307.002 and 307.003.
         (d)  A public hearing must be designed to promote public
  participation by providing citizens the opportunity to testify,
  especially regarding local and regional communities of interest.
         (e)  Each person testifying at a public hearing shall be
  treated equally. A public official or other person may not be given
  special treatment at a hearing because of the person's official
  status, and the testimony of a public official may not be given
  special consideration. Testimony must be received in the order the
  witnesses appeared and registered to testify.
         Sec. 307.005.  LEGISLATIVE SESSIONS AND REDISTRICTING. (a)
  A plan must be enacted by the legislature as provided by law, but
  not later than the 120th day before the date a person is required to
  file to be a candidate in a primary election in the year following
  the release of the census.
         (b)  A legislative redistricting committee of either house
  must hold public hearings to consider legislation proposing a plan.
  The public must be allowed to provide testimony at a hearing under
  this subsection. A person may submit information to a
  redistricting committee that identifies boundaries of communities
  of interest. A person may submit a plan to a redistricting
  committee at any time if the plan is based on census counts,
  conforms to the requirements of Sections 307.002 and 307.003, and
  provides relevant explanations for why each district is drawn as it
  is.
         Sec. 307.006.  TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE. (a) The Texas
  Legislative Council shall develop compactness tests based on
  prevailing optimal compactness models to measure relative
  compactness of individual districts and alternative plans.
         (b)  The Texas Legislative Council shall establish objective
  models to measure a plan's compliance with Sections 307.002 and
  307.003. For that purpose, the council shall prepare a comparative
  analysis and establish a qualitative rating for plans considered by
  a legislative redistricting committee or a house of the
  legislature. Each analysis and rating must be made available to the
  public for comment.
         Sec. 307.007.  CHALLENGES TO PLAN; COURT-ORDERED PLANS. (a)
  Except as provided by federal law, the Supreme Court of Texas has
  original jurisdiction of a legal challenge to a plan enacted by the
  legislature.
         (b)  The Texas Legislative Council shall forward to the
  Supreme Court of Texas the five highest-rated plans presented to or
  considered by the legislature as determined under Section
  307.006(b), and the highest-rated plan created by an individual who
  is not an employee or officer of the state, if an enacted plan is
  declared by the court to be invalid. The court shall, not later
  than the 30th day after the date the court receives the plans, adopt
  a submitted plan in its entirety as the state's official plan.
         (c)  The legislature may not redistrict this state's
  congressional districts more than once following each census except
  to replace a plan ordered by a court with a plan enacted by the
  legislature.
         (d)  It is the intent and will of the legislature that any
  plan ordered by a state or federal court comply with the standards
  and principles established by Sections 307.002 and 307.003 to the
  extent practicable.
         SECTION 2.  This Act takes effect immediately if it receives
  a vote of two-thirds of all the members elected to each house, as
  provided by Section 39, Article III, Texas Constitution. If this
  Act does not receive the vote necessary for immediate effect, this
  Act takes effect September 1, 2011.
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