Bill Text: NY S01594 | 2009-2010 | General Assembly | Introduced


Bill Title: Establishes a credit against personal income taxes for certain tuition expenses for taxpayers who qualify for an earned income tax credit, in the amount of 10% of the EIC, up to $500 per eligible dependent child; provides for a modification of gross taxable income for elementary and secondary school tuition for personal income tax purposes.

Spectrum: Partisan Bill (Republican 8-0)

Status: (Introduced - Dead) 2010-01-06 - REFERRED TO INVESTIGATIONS AND GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS [S01594 Detail]

Download: New_York-2009-S01594-Introduced.html
                           S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
       ________________________________________________________________________
                                         1594
                              2009-2010 Regular Sessions
                                   I N  S E N A T E
                                   February 3, 2009
                                      ___________
       Introduced  by  Sens.  GOLDEN,  ALESI,  DeFRANCISCO, HANNON, O. JOHNSON,
         LANZA, MORAHAN, VOLKER -- read twice and  ordered  printed,  and  when
         printed to be committed to the Committee on Investigations and Govern-
         ment Operations
       AN  ACT  to  amend the tax law, in relation to a credit against personal
         income taxes for certain tuition expenses; to amend the  tax  law  and
         the  administrative  code  of  the  city  of  New York, in relation to
         providing for  a  modification  of  elementary  and  secondary  school
         tuition  for  personal  income  tax  purposes;  and  repealing certain
         provisions of such laws relating thereto
         THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND  ASSEM-
       BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
    1    Section  1.  Section  606  of  the  tax law is amended by adding a new
    2  subsection (qq) to read as follows:
    3    (QQ) TUITION TAX CREDIT. (1) GENERAL. A  RESIDENT  TAXPAYER  SHALL  BE
    4  ALLOWED  A CREDIT AGAINST THE TAX IMPOSED BY THIS ARTICLE, IN THE AMOUNT
    5  OF TEN PERCENT OF THE EARNED INCOME  CREDIT  SUCH  TAXPAYER  IS  ALLOWED
    6  UNDER SECTION THIRTY-TWO OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE FOR THE SAME TAXA-
    7  BLE YEAR, MULTIPLIED BY THE NUMBER OF DEPENDENTS ATTENDING AN ELEMENTARY
    8  OR  SECONDARY  PUBLIC  OR  NONPUBLIC  SCHOOL ON A FULL-TIME BASIS FOR AT
    9  LEAST THREE MONTHS DURING THE REGULAR SCHOOL YEAR, FOR THE EDUCATION  OF
   10  SUCH DEPENDENT IN GRADES KINDERGARTEN THROUGH TWELVE, PROVIDED THAT SUCH
   11  CREDIT  SHALL  NOT  EXCEED  FIVE HUNDRED DOLLARS PER DEPENDENT CHILD AND
   12  PROVIDED FURTHER THAT  SUCH  TAXPAYER  IS  ALLOWED  AN  EXEMPTION  UNDER
   13  SECTION  SIX  HUNDRED  SIXTEEN  OF  THIS ARTICLE FOR SUCH DEPENDENT. THE
   14  CREDIT UNDER THIS SUBSECTION SHALL NOT EXCEED THE AMOUNT PAID  FOR  EACH
   15  SUCH  DEPENDENT  IN  TUITION  TO  SUCH ELEMENTARY OR SECONDARY PUBLIC OR
   16  NONPUBLIC SCHOOL FOR SUCH EDUCATION OF SUCH DEPENDENT.
   17    (2) DEFINITIONS. (A) "TUITION", AS USED IN THIS SUBSECTION, SHALL MEAN
   18  THE AMOUNT ACTUALLY PAID DURING THE TAXABLE YEAR BY THE TAXPAYER FOR THE
        EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                             [ ] is old law to be omitted.
                                                                  LBD06321-01-9
       S. 1594                             2
    1  ENROLLMENT OF A DEPENDENT DURING THE REGULAR SCHOOL YEAR AT AN ELEMENTA-
    2  RY OR SECONDARY PUBLIC OR NONPUBLIC SCHOOL.
    3    (B)  "NONPUBLIC  SCHOOL",  AS  USED IN THIS SUBSECTION, SHALL MEAN ANY
    4  NON-PROFIT ELEMENTARY OR SECONDARY SCHOOL IN  THE  STATE  OF  NEW  YORK,
    5  OTHER  THAN  A  PUBLIC  SCHOOL,  WHICH  (I)  IS PROVIDING INSTRUCTION IN
    6  ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE SEVENTEEN AND SECTION THIRTY-TWO HUNDRED FOUR OF
    7  THE EDUCATION LAW, (II) HAS NOT BEEN FOUND TO BE IN VIOLATION  OF  TITLE
    8  VI OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF NINETEEN HUNDRED SIXTY-FOUR, 78 STAT. 252,
    9  42  U.S.C.  SEC. 2000 (D) AND (III) WHICH IS ENTITLED TO A TAX EXEMPTION
   10  UNDER SECTIONS FIVE HUNDRED ONE (A) AND FIVE HUNDRED ONE (C)(3)  OF  THE
   11  INTERNAL  REVENUE  CODE.  THE COMMISSIONER OF EDUCATION SHALL FURNISH TO
   12  THE COMMISSIONER BY JANUARY FIRST OF EACH  YEAR,  A  CERTIFIED  LIST  OF
   13  NONPUBLIC  SCHOOLS WHICH COMPLY WITH CLAUSE (I) OF THIS SUBPARAGRAPH FOR
   14  THE PRECEDING CALENDAR YEAR AND SHALL PROVIDE SUCH OTHER ASSISTANCE WITH
   15  RESPECT TO WHETHER NONPUBLIC SCHOOLS COME WITHIN SUCH CLAUSE (I) AS  THE
   16  COMMISSIONER MAY REQUIRE.
   17    (C)  "PUBLIC  SCHOOL",  AS  USED  IN  THIS  SUBSECTION, SHALL MEAN ANY
   18  ELEMENTARY OR SECONDARY SCHOOL IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK THAT IS  SUBJECT
   19  TO  THE SUPERVISION OF THE COMMISSIONER OF EDUCATION PURSUANT TO SECTION
   20  THREE HUNDRED NINE OF THE EDUCATION LAW. PUBLIC SCHOOL SHALL INCLUDE ANY
   21  CHARTER SCHOOL ORGANIZED PURSUANT TO ARTICLE FIFTY-SIX OF THE  EDUCATION
   22  LAW.
   23    (D)  "REGULAR SCHOOL YEAR", AS USED IN THIS SUBSECTION, SHALL MEAN THE
   24  MONTHS OF THE TAXABLE YEAR EXCLUSIVE OF JULY AND AUGUST.
   25    S 2.  Subsection (j) of section 612 of the tax law is REPEALED  and  a
   26  new subsection (j) is added to read as follows:
   27    (J)  TUITION  TAX DEDUCTION. (1) GENERAL. AN INDIVIDUAL SHALL BE ENTI-
   28  TLED TO SUBTRACT FROM HIS OR HER FEDERAL ADJUSTED GROSS INCOME AN AMOUNT
   29  NOT EXCEEDING THE AMOUNT SHOWN IN THE TABLE SET FORTH IN THIS PARAGRAPH,
   30  MULTIPLIED BY THE  NUMBER  OF  DEPENDENTS  ATTENDING  AN  ELEMENTARY  OR
   31  SECONDARY  PUBLIC  OR NONPUBLIC SCHOOL ON A FULL-TIME BASIS FOR AT LEAST
   32  THREE MONTHS DURING THE REGULAR SCHOOL YEAR FOR THE  EDUCATION  OF  SUCH
   33  DEPENDENT  IN GRADES KINDERGARTEN THROUGH TWELVE, PROVIDED SUCH INDIVID-
   34  UAL IS ALLOWED AN EXEMPTION UNDER SECTION SIX HUNDRED  SIXTEEN  OF  THIS
   35  PART  FOR  SUCH  DEPENDENT.  PROVIDED, FURTHER, THAT THE DEDUCTION UNDER
   36  THIS PARAGRAPH SHALL NOT EXCEED THE AMOUNT PAID FOR EACH SUCH  DEPENDENT
   37  IN  TUITION  TO  SUCH ELEMENTARY OR SECONDARY PUBLIC OR NONPUBLIC SCHOOL
   38  FOR SUCH EDUCATION OF SUCH DEPENDENT.
   39    (A) FOR THE TAXABLE  YEAR BEGINNING JANUARY 1, 2009,
   40       IF THE FEDERAL           THE AMOUNT
   41       ADJUSTED GROSS           ALLOWABLE FOR EACH
   42       INCOME IS:               DEPENDENT IS:
   43       LESS THAN $115,000       $2,500
   44       115,000--119,999          2,150
   45       120,000--124,999          1,800
   46       125,000--129,999          1,450
   47       130,000--134,999          1,100
   48       135,000--139,999            750
   49       140,000--144,999            400
   50       145,000--149,999             50
   51       150,000 AND OVER              0
   52    (B) FOR THE TAXABLE YEAR BEGINNING JANUARY 1, 2010,
   53       IF THE FEDERAL           THE AMOUNT
   54       ADJUSTED GROSS           ALLOWABLE FOR EACH
   55       INCOME IS:               DEPENDENT IS:
       S. 1594                             3
    1       LESS THAN $115,000       $5,000
    2       115,000--119,999          4,300
    3       120,000--124,999          3,600
    4       125,000--129,999          2,900
    5       130,000--134,999          2,200
    6       135,000--139,999          1,500
    7       140,000--144,999            800
    8       145,000--149,999            100
    9       150,000 AND OVER              0
   10    (C) FOR THE TAXABLE YEARS BEGINNING JANUARY 1, 2011,
   11       IF THE FEDERAL           THE AMOUNT
   12       ADJUSTED GROSS           ALLOWABLE FOR EACH
   13       INCOME IS:               DEPENDENT IS:
   14       LESS THAN $115,000       $7,500
   15       115,000--119,999          6,450
   16       120,000--124,999          5,400
   17       125,000--129,999          4,350
   18       130,000--134,999          3,300
   19       135,000--139,999          2,250
   20       140,000--144,999          1,200
   21       145,000--149,999            150
   22       150,000 AND OVER              0
   23    (D) FOR THE TAXABLE YEAR BEGINNING JANUARY 1, 2012 AND THEREAFTER,
   24       IF THE FEDERAL           THE AMOUNT
   25       ADJUSTED GROSS           ALLOWABLE FOR EACH
   26       INCOME IS:               DEPENDENT IS:
   27       LESS THAN $115,000       $10,000
   28       115,000--119,999           8,750
   29       120,000--124,999           7,500
   30       125,000--129,999           6,250
   31       130,000--134,999           5,000
   32       135,000--139,999           3,750
   33       140,000--144,999           2,500
   34       145,000--149,999           1,250
   35       150,000 AND OVER               0
   36    (2)  HUSBAND  AND WIFE. IN DETERMINING THE APPLICABLE FEDERAL ADJUSTED
   37  GROSS  INCOME OF A HUSBAND AND WIFE WHO FILE JOINTLY  ON  THEIR  FEDERAL
   38  TAX  RETURN,  WHETHER  OR NOT THEY FILE SEPARATE NEW YORK STATE RETURNS,
   39  FOR PURPOSES  OF  THE  TABLE  SET  FORTH  IN    PARAGRAPH  ONE  OF  THIS
   40  SUBSECTION,  THE  FEDERAL  ADJUSTED  GROSS  INCOME OF A HUSBAND AND WIFE
   41  SHALL BE THE AGGREGATE OF THEIR FEDERAL ADJUSTED GROSS INCOMES  FOR  THE
   42  TAXABLE  YEAR.  THE HUSBAND OR WIFE TAXPAYER WHO CLAIMS AN EXEMPTION FOR
   43  THE DEPENDENT ON HIS OR HER NEW YORK STATE INCOME TAX  RETURN  SHALL  BE
   44  ALLOWED  TO  TAKE  THE  DEDUCTION  PRESCRIBED  IN  PARAGRAPH ONE OF THIS
   45  SUBSECTION.
   46    (3) DEFINITIONS. (A) "TUITION", AS USED IN THIS SUBSECTION, SHALL MEAN
   47  THE AMOUNT ACTUALLY PAID DURING THE TAXABLE YEAR BY THE TAXPAYER FOR THE
   48  ENROLLMENT OF A DEPENDENT DURING THE REGULAR SCHOOL YEAR AT AN ELEMENTA-
   49  RY OR SECONDARY PUBLIC OR NONPUBLIC SCHOOL.
   50    (B) "NONPUBLIC SCHOOL", AS USED IN THIS  SUBSECTION,  SHALL  MEAN  ANY
   51  NON-PROFIT  ELEMENTARY  OR  SECONDARY  SCHOOL  IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK,
   52  OTHER THAN A PUBLIC  SCHOOL,  WHICH  (I)  IS  PROVIDING  INSTRUCTION  IN
   53  ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE SEVENTEEN AND SECTION THIRTY-TWO HUNDRED FOUR OF
   54  THE  EDUCATION  LAW, (II) HAS NOT BEEN FOUND TO BE IN VIOLATION OF TITLE
       S. 1594                             4
    1  VI OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF  NINETEEN  HUNDRED  SIXTY-FOUR,  78  STAT.
    2  252,  42  U.S.C.  SEC.  2000  (D)  AND  (III) WHICH IS ENTITLED TO A TAX
    3  EXEMPTION UNDER SECTIONS FIVE HUNDRED ONE (A) AND FIVE HUNDRED  ONE  (C)
    4  (3)  OF  THE  INTERNAL REVENUE CODE. THE COMMISSIONER OF EDUCATION SHALL
    5  FURNISH TO THE COMMISSIONER BY JANUARY FIRST OF EACH YEAR,  A  CERTIFIED
    6  LIST  OF NONPUBLIC SCHOOLS WHICH COMPLY WITH CLAUSE (I) OF THIS SUBPARA-
    7  GRAPH FOR THE PRECEDING CALENDAR  YEAR  AND  SHALL  PROVIDE  SUCH  OTHER
    8  ASSISTANCE  WITH  RESPECT  TO WHETHER NONPUBLIC SCHOOLS COME WITHIN SUCH
    9  CLAUSE (I) AS THE COMMISSIONER MAY REQUIRE.
   10    (C) "PUBLIC SCHOOL", AS  USED  IN  THIS  SUBSECTION,  SHALL  MEAN  ANY
   11  ELEMENTARY  OR SECONDARY SCHOOL IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK THAT IS SUBJECT
   12  TO THE SUPERVISION OF THE COMMISSIONER OF EDUCATION PURSUANT TO  SECTION
   13  THREE HUNDRED NINE OF THE EDUCATION LAW. PUBLIC SCHOOL SHALL INCLUDE ANY
   14  CHARTER SCHOOL ORGANIZED PURSUANT TO ARTICLE  FIFTY-SIX OF THE EDUCATION
   15  LAW.
   16    (D)  "REGULAR SCHOOL YEAR", AS USED IN THIS SUBSECTION, SHALL MEAN THE
   17  MONTHS OF THE TAXABLE YEAR EXCLUSIVE OF JULY AND AUGUST.
   18    (4) ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. ANY CLAIM FOR A  MODIFICATION  UNDER  THIS
   19  SUBSECTION  SHALL BE ACCOMPANIED BY SUCH INFORMATION AS THE COMMISSIONER
   20  MAY REQUIRE.
   21    S  3. Subdivision (j) of section 11-1712 of the administrative code of
   22  the city of New York is REPEALED and a new subdivision (j) is  added  to
   23  read as follows:
   24    (J)  TUITION TAX DEDUCTION.  (1) GENERAL. AN INDIVIDUAL SHALL BE ENTI-
   25  TLED TO SUBTRACT FROM HIS OR HER FEDERAL ADJUSTED GROSS INCOME AN AMOUNT
   26  NOT EXCEEDING THE AMOUNT SHOWN IN THE TABLE SET FORTH IN THIS PARAGRAPH,
   27  MULTIPLIED BY THE  NUMBER  OF  DEPENDENTS  ATTENDING  AN  ELEMENTARY  OR
   28  SECONDARY  PUBLIC  OR NONPUBLIC SCHOOL ON A FULL-TIME BASIS FOR AT LEAST
   29  THREE MONTHS DURING THE REGULAR SCHOOL YEAR FOR THE  EDUCATION  OF  SUCH
   30  DEPENDENT  IN GRADES KINDERGARTEN THROUGH TWELVE, PROVIDED SUCH INDIVID-
   31  UAL IS ALLOWED AN EXEMPTION UNDER SECTION 11-1716 OF THIS SUBCHAPTER FOR
   32  SUCH DEPENDENT. PROVIDED, FURTHER, THAT THE DEDUCTION UNDER  THIS  PARA-
   33  GRAPH  SHALL  NOT  EXCEED  THE  AMOUNT  PAID  FOR EACH SUCH DEPENDENT IN
   34  TUITION TO SUCH ELEMENTARY OR SECONDARY PUBLIC OR NONPUBLIC  SCHOOL  FOR
   35  SUCH EDUCATION OF SUCH DEPENDENT.
   36    (A) FOR THE TAXABLE YEAR BEGINNING JANUARY 1, 2009,
   37       IF THE FEDERAL           THE AMOUNT
   38       ADJUSTED GROSS           ALLOWABLE FOR EACH
   39       INCOME IS:               DEPENDENT IS:
   40       LESS THAN $115,000       $2,500
   41       115,000--119,999          2,150
   42       120,000--124,999          1,800
   43       125,000--129,999          1,450
   44       130,000--134,999          1,100
   45       135,000--139,999            750
   46       140,000--144,999            400
   47       145,000--149,999             50
   48       150,000 AND OVER              0
   49    (B) FOR THE TAXABLE YEAR BEGINNING JANUARY 1, 2010,
   50       IF THE FEDERAL           THE AMOUNT
   51       ADJUSTED GROSS           ALLOWABLE FOR EACH
   52       INCOME IS:               DEPENDENT IS:
   53       LESS THAN $115,000       $5,000
   54       115,000--119,999          4,300
       S. 1594                             5
    1       120,000--124,999          3,600
    2       125,000--129,999          2,900
    3       130,000--134,999          2,200
    4       135,000--139,999          1,500
    5       140,000--144,999            800
    6       145,000--149,999            100
    7       150,000 AND OVER              0
    8    (C) FOR THE TAXABLE YEARS BEGINNING JANUARY 1, 2011,
    9       IF THE FEDERAL           THE AMOUNT
   10       ADJUSTED GROSS           ALLOWABLE FOR EACH
   11       INCOME IS:               DEPENDENT IS:
   12       LESS THAN $115,000       $7,500
   13       115,000--119,999          6,450
   14       120,000--124,999          5,400
   15       125,000--129,999          4,350
   16       130,000--134,999          3,300
   17       135,000--139,999          2,250
   18       140,000--144,999          1,200
   19       145,000--149,999            150
   20       150,000 AND OVER              0
   21    (D) FOR THE TAXABLE YEAR BEGINNING JANUARY 1, 2012 AND THEREAFTER,
   22       IF THE FEDERAL           THE AMOUNT
   23       ADJUSTED GROSS           ALLOWABLE FOR EACH
   24       INCOME IS:               DEPENDENT IS:
   25       LESS THAN $115,000       $10,000
   26       115,000--119,999           8,750
   27       120,000--124,999           7,500
   28       125,000--129,999           6,250
   29       130,000--134,999           5,000
   30       135,000--139,999           3,750
   31       140,000--144,999           2,500
   32       145,000--149,999           1,250
   33       150,000 AND OVER               0
   34    (2)  HUSBAND  AND WIFE. IN DETERMINING THE APPLICABLE FEDERAL ADJUSTED
   35  GROSS INCOME OF A HUSBAND AND WIFE WHO FILE JOINTLY ON THEIR FEDERAL TAX
   36  RETURN, WHETHER OR NOT THEY FILE SEPARATE NEW YORK  STATE  RETURNS,  FOR
   37  PURPOSES  OF  THE  TABLE SET FORTH IN PARAGRAPH ONE OF THIS SUBDIVISION,
   38  THE FEDERAL ADJUSTED GROSS INCOME OF A HUSBAND AND  WIFE  SHALL  BE  THE
   39  AGGREGATE  OF THEIR FEDERAL ADJUSTED GROSS INCOMES FOR THE TAXABLE YEAR.
   40  THE HUSBAND OR WIFE TAXPAYER WHO CLAIMS AN EXEMPTION FOR THE   DEPENDENT
   41  ON  HIS  OR HER NEW YORK CITY INCOME TAX RETURN SHALL BE ALLOWED TO TAKE
   42  THE DEDUCTION PRESCRIBED IN PARAGRAPH ONE OF THIS SUBDIVISION.
   43    (3) DEFINITIONS. (A) "TUITION", AS USED  IN  THIS  SUBDIVISION,  SHALL
   44  MEAN  THE  AMOUNT  ACTUALLY PAID DURING THE TAXABLE YEAR BY THE TAXPAYER
   45  FOR THE ENROLLMENT OF A DEPENDENT DURING THE REGULAR SCHOOL YEAR  AT  AN
   46  ELEMENTARY OR SECONDARY PUBLIC OR NONPUBLIC SCHOOL.
   47    (B)  "NONPUBLIC  SCHOOL",  AS USED IN THIS SUBDIVISION, SHALL MEAN ANY
   48  NON-PROFIT ELEMENTARY OR SECONDARY SCHOOL IN  THE  STATE  OF  NEW  YORK,
   49  OTHER  THAN  A  PUBLIC  SCHOOL,  WHICH  (I)  IS PROVIDING INSTRUCTION IN
   50  ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE SEVENTEEN AND SECTION   THIRTY-TWO HUNDRED  FOUR
   51  OF  THE  EDUCATION  LAW,  (II)  HAS NOT BEEN FOUND TO BE IN VIOLATION OF
   52  TITLE VI OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT  OF  NINETEEN  HUNDRED  SIXTY-FOUR,  78
   53  STAT.  252, 42 U.S.C. SEC. 2000 (D) AND (III) WHICH IS ENTITLED TO A TAX
   54  EXEMPTION UNDER SECTIONS FIVE HUNDRED ONE (A) AND FIVE HUNDRED  ONE  (C)
       S. 1594                             6
    1  (3)  OF  THE  INTERNAL REVENUE CODE. THE COMMISSIONER OF EDUCATION SHALL
    2  FURNISH TO THE COMMISSIONER BY JANUARY FIRST OF EACH YEAR,  A  CERTIFIED
    3  LIST  OF NONPUBLIC SCHOOLS WHICH COMPLY WITH CLAUSE (I) OF THIS SUBPARA-
    4  GRAPH  FOR  THE  PRECEDING  CALENDAR  YEAR  AND SHALL PROVIDE SUCH OTHER
    5  ASSISTANCE WITH RESPECT TO WHETHER NONPUBLIC SCHOOLS  COME  WITHIN  SUCH
    6  CLAUSE (I) AS THE COMMISSIONER MAY REQUIRE.
    7    (C)  "PUBLIC  SCHOOL",  AS  USED  IN  THIS SUBDIVISION, SHALL MEAN ANY
    8  ELEMENTARY OR SECONDARY SCHOOL IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK THAT IS  SUBJECT
    9  TO  THE SUPERVISION OF THE COMMISSIONER OF EDUCATION PURSUANT TO SECTION
   10  THREE HUNDRED NINE OF THE EDUCATION LAW. PUBLIC SCHOOL SHALL INCLUDE ANY
   11  CHARTER SCHOOL ORGANIZED PURSUANT TO ARTICLE FIFTY-SIX OF THE  EDUCATION
   12  LAW.
   13    (D) "REGULAR SCHOOL YEAR", AS USED IN THIS SUBDIVISION, SHALL MEAN THE
   14  MONTHS OF THE TAXABLE YEAR EXCLUSIVE OF JULY AND AUGUST.
   15    (4)  ADDITIONAL  INFORMATION.  ANY CLAIM FOR A MODIFICATION UNDER THIS
   16  SUBDIVISION SHALL BE ACCOMPANIED BY SUCH INFORMATION AS THE COMMISSIONER
   17  MAY REQUIRE.
   18    S 4. This act shall take effect immediately and shall apply to taxable
   19  years beginning on or after January 1, 2009.
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