Bill Text: HI SB2528 | 2024 | Regular Session | Introduced
Bill Title: Relating To Taxation.
Spectrum: Moderate Partisan Bill (Democrat 6-1)
Status: (Introduced - Dead) 2024-02-06 - The committee on HOU deferred the measure. [SB2528 Detail]
Download: Hawaii-2024-SB2528-Introduced.html
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THE SENATE |
S.B. NO. |
2528 |
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THIRTY-SECOND LEGISLATURE, 2024 |
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STATE OF HAWAII |
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A BILL FOR AN ACT
RELATING TO TAXATION.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF HAWAII:
Pursuant to existing law, it is the legislature's intent to conform the income tax law of the State as closely as possible to the Internal Revenue Code, unless there is good reason to the contrary. The legislature, however, may choose to adopt none of the amendments to the Internal Revenue Code or may provide that certain amendments are limited in their operation.
The legislature also finds that real estate investment trusts were established by the federal government to give investors, especially small investors, access to income- producing real estate. The federal real estate investment trust provisions allow a dividends paid deduction to the real estate investment trust, thereby allowing the real estate investment trust itself to not pay tax on income distributed to its shareholders, who would then pay tax on that income.
Existing state law conforms to these provisions but creates an anomaly because a real estate investment trust that does business in Hawaii and pays dividends to shareholders outside the State, results in no Hawaii income tax collected either from the real estate investment trust or from its shareholders. This is because shareholders pay any tax on dividends to the state in which they reside, not where the income was generated.
The legislature further finds that real estate investment trusts in Hawaii own real estate assets of approximately $18,000,000,000, generating an annual income of $1,000,000,000, which, if taxed at the current corporate rate assessed to all other corporations, would generate Hawaii tax revenues of $65,000,000 per year. A 2016 analysis conducted by the department of business, economic development, and tourism concluded that the State had foregone about $36,000,000 in income tax revenues in 2014, and that the amount of real estate investment trust investments has risen substantially since 2014. Regardless of the amount of tax revenues foregone, the State should be collecting taxes as it does for other real estate corporations to ensure fairness to all such businesses using the State's resources to reap benefits for its shareholders.
While some real estate investment trusts that do business in Hawaii reside in the State, a substantial majority do not, and thus their dividends flow to the state in which they reside rather than to the benefit of Hawaii. Further, while real estate investment trusts own more real estate in Hawaii per capita than in any other state, Hawaii ranks fortieth in the nation for the number of real estate investment trust shareholders as a percentage of the population. As a result, many real estate investment trusts and their shareholders pay a mere fraction of the Hawaii state income tax compared to what other corporations pay. During a time when Hawaii faces major budget shortfalls for this year and several years to come, it is imperative that all corporations pay the corporate income tax due to the State and its citizens for the infrastructure and other resources that the State provides them.
The legislature therefore finds that it would be more equitable to decouple from the federal income tax system in regards to the dividends paid deductions for real estate investment trusts so that these corporations and other business entities doing business in Hawaii pay a fair tax burden, commensurate with the substantial privileges and resources in Hawaii that were used to generate their profits. Real estate investment trusts would continue to receive their generous federal tax exemptions and benefit from Hawaii's low property tax rates.
The legislature also recognizes that Hawaii is experiencing a severe affordable housing crisis with a lack of affordable rental and for sale units. According to the "Affordable Rental Housing Report and Ten-Year Plan," prepared by the department of business, economic development, and tourism (July 2018), housing demand is projected to reach 64,693 units by 2025, with nearly seventy per cent (43,828 units) needed for households earning eighty per cent or less of the area median income. It is therefore in the State's interest to promote the development of affordable housing.
Accordingly, the purpose of this Act is to disallow dividends paid deductions for real estate investment trusts for a three-year period, applicable to the taxable years beginning after December 31, 2024, except for real estate investment trusts that provide affordable housing in the State.
SECTION 2. Section 235-2.3, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended to read as follows:
"(b) The following Internal Revenue Code subchapters, parts of subchapters, sections, subsections, and parts of subsections shall not be operative for the purposes of this chapter, unless otherwise provided:
(1) Subchapter A (sections 1 to 59A) (with respect to determination of tax liability), except section 1(h)(2) (relating to net capital gain reduced by the amount taken into account as investment income), except sections 2(a), 2(b), and 2(c) (with respect to the definition of "surviving spouse" and "head of household"), except section 41 (with respect to the credit for increasing research activities), except section 42 (with respect to low-income housing credit), except sections 47 and 48, as amended, as of December 31, 1984 (with respect to certain depreciable tangible personal property), and except section 48(d)(3), as amended, as of February 17, 2009 (with respect to the treatment of United States Department of Treasury grants made under section 1603 of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Tax Act of 2009). For treatment, see sections 235-110.91, 235‑110.7, and 235-110.8;
(2) Section 78 (with respect to dividends received from certain foreign corporations by domestic corporations choosing foreign tax credit);
(3) Section 86 (with respect to social security and tier 1 railroad retirement benefits);
(4) Section 91 (with respect to certain foreign branch losses transferred to specified 10-percent owned foreign corporations);
(5) Section 103 (with respect to interest on state and local bonds). For treatment, see section 235-7(b);
(6) Section 114 (with respect to extraterritorial income). For treatment, any transaction as specified in the transitional rule for 2005 and 2006 as specified in the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 section 101(d) and any transaction that has occurred pursuant to a binding contract as specified in the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 section 101(f) are inoperative;
(7) Section 120 (with respect to amounts received under qualified group legal services plans). For treatment, see section 235-7(a)(9) to (11);
(8) Section 122 (with respect to certain reduced uniformed services retirement pay). For treatment, see section 235-7(a)(3);
(9) Section 135 (with respect to income from United States savings bonds used to pay higher education tuition and fees). For treatment, see section 235-7(a)(1);
(10) Section 139C (with respect to COBRA premium assistance);
(11) Subchapter B (sections 141 to 150) (with respect to tax exemption requirements for state and local bonds);
(12) Section 151 (with respect to allowance of deductions for personal exemptions). For treatment, see section 235-54;
(13) Section 179B (with respect to expensing of capital costs incurred in complying with Environmental Protection Agency sulphur regulations);
(14) Section 181 (with respect to special rules for certain film and television productions);
(15) Section 196 (with respect to deduction for certain unused investment credits);
(16) Section 199 (with respect to the U.S. production activities deduction);
(17) Section 199A (with respect to qualified business income);
(18) Section 222 (with respect to qualified tuition and related expenses);
(19) Sections 241 to 247 (with respect to special deductions for corporations). For treatment, see section 235-7(c);
(20) Section 250 (with respect to foreign-derived intangible income and global intangible low-taxed income);
(21) Section 267A (with respect to certain related party amounts paid or accrued in hybrid transactions or with hybrid entities);
(22) Section 280C (with respect to certain expenses for which credits are allowable). For treatment, see section 235-110.91;
(23) Section 291 (with respect to special rules relating to corporate preference items);
(24) Section 367 (with respect to foreign corporations);
(25) Section 501(c)(12), (15), (16) (with respect to exempt organizations); except that section 501(c)(12) shall be operative for companies that provide potable water to residential communities that lack any access to public utility water services;
(26) Section 515 (with respect to taxes of foreign countries and possessions of the United States);
(27) Subchapter G (sections 531 to 565) (with respect to corporations used to avoid income tax on shareholders);
(28) Subchapter H (sections 581 to 597) (with respect to banking institutions), except section 584 (with respect to common trust funds). For treatment, see chapter 241;
(29) Section 642(a) and (b) (with respect to special rules for credits and deductions applicable to trusts). For treatment, see sections 235-54(b) and 235-55;
(30) Section 646 (with respect to tax treatment of electing Alaska Native settlement trusts);
(31) Section 668 (with respect to interest charge on accumulation distributions from foreign trusts);
(32) Subchapter L (sections 801 to 848) (with respect to insurance companies). For treatment, see sections 431:7-202 and 431:7-204;
(33) Section 853 (with respect to foreign tax credit allowed to shareholders). For treatment, see section 235-55;
(34) Section 853A (with respect to credits from tax credit bonds allowed to shareholders);
(35) Section 857(b)(2)(B) (with respect
to the dividends paid deduction for real estate investment trusts); except that
section 857(b)(2)(B) shall be available for real estate investment trusts where
one hundred per cent of the trust's real property is used to provide affordable
housing in the State;
[(35)] (36) Subchapter N (sections 861 to 999) (with
respect to tax based on income from sources within or without the United States),
except sections 985 to 989 (with respect to foreign currency
transactions). For treatment, see
sections 235-4, 235-5, and 235-7(b), and 235-55;
[(36)] (37)
Section 1042(g) (with respect to sales of stock in agricultural
refiners and processors to eligible farm cooperatives);
[(37)] (38)
Section 1055 (with respect to redeemable ground rents);
[(38)] (39)
Section 1057 (with respect to election to treat transfer to
foreign trust, etc., as taxable exchange);
[(39)] (40)
Sections 1291 to 1298 (with respect to treatment of passive
foreign investment companies);
[(40)] (41)
Subchapter Q (sections 1311 to 1351) (with respect to
readjustment of tax between years and special limitations), except for section
1341 (with respect to computation of tax where taxpayer restores substantial
amount held under claim of right);
[(41)] (42)
Subchapter R (sections 1352 to 1359) (with respect to election to
determine corporate tax on certain international shipping activities using per
ton rate);
[(42)] (43)
Subchapter U (sections 1391 to 1397F) (with respect to
designation and treatment of empowerment zones, enterprise communities, and
rural development investment areas). For
treatment, see chapter 209E;
[(43)] (44)
Subchapter W (sections 1400 to 1400C) (with respect to District
of Columbia enterprise zone);
[(44)] (45)
Section 1400O (with respect to education tax benefits);
[(45)] (46)
Section 1400P (with respect to housing tax benefits);
[(46)] (47)
Section 1400R (with respect to employment relief);
[(47)] (48)
Section 1400T (with respect to special rules for mortgage revenue
bonds);
[(48)] (49)
Section 1400U-1 (with respect to allocation of recovery zone
bonds);
[(49)] (50)
Section 1400U-2 (with respect to recovery zone economic development
bonds); and
[(50)] (51)
Section 1400U-3 (with respect to recovery zone facility bonds)."
SECTION 3. Section 235-71, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended by amending subsection (d) to read as follows:
"(d) In the case of a real estate investment trust
there is imposed on the taxable income, computed as provided in sections 857
and 858 of the Internal Revenue Code but with the changes and adjustments made
by this chapter (without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, for
the taxable years beginning before January 1, 2025, the deduction for
dividends paid is limited to [such] the amount of dividends as is
attributable to income taxable under this chapter[),] and, for
taxable years beginning after December 31, 2024, no deductions for dividends
paid shall be allowed, except for real estate investment trusts where one
hundred per cent of the trust's real property is used to provide affordable
housing in the State), a tax consisting in the sum of the following: 4.4 per cent if the taxable income is not
over $25,000, 5.4 per cent if over $25,000 but not over $100,000, and on all
over $100,000, 6.4 per cent. In addition
to any other penalty provided by law any real estate investment trust whose tax
liability for any taxable year is deemed to be increased pursuant to section
859(b)(2)(A) or 860(c)(1)(A) after December 31, 1978, (relating to interest and
additions to tax determined with respect to the amount of the deduction for
deficiency dividends allowed) of the Internal Revenue Code shall pay a penalty
in an amount equal to the amount of interest for which the trust is liable that
is attributable solely to the increase.
The penalty payable under this subsection with respect to any
determination shall not exceed one-half of the amount of the deduction allowed
by section 859(a), or 860(a) after December 31, 1978, of the Internal Revenue
Code for the taxable year.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, beginning January 1, 2022, the department shall require a real estate investment trust subject to this chapter to:
(1) Notify the department, in the manner prescribed by the department, of its operation as a real estate investment trust in the State no later than fifteen days from the first day of operation in the State; provided that, for real estate investment trusts operating in the State as of July 1, 2021, the department shall be notified no later than January 15, 2022;
(2) Properly designate on its tax return that it is a real estate investment trust, as required by the department;
(3) Complete its tax return in the specific manner required by the department, including following line-by-line instructions; and
(4) Submit a copy of the real estate investment trust's federal tax return covering the same period with each state tax return that the real estate investment trust files with the department under this chapter.
Any real estate investment trust that fails to comply with these requirements shall be assessed a penalty of $50 per day."
SECTION 4. Statutory material to be repealed is bracketed and stricken. New statutory material is underscored.
SECTION 5. This Act, upon its approval, shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2024; provided that this Act shall be repealed on December 31, 2027, and sections 235-2.3(b) and 235-71(d), Hawaii Revised Statutes, shall be reenacted in the form in which they read on the day prior to the effective date of this Act.
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INTRODUCED BY: |
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Report Title:
Taxation; Real Estate Investment Trusts; Dividends Paid Deduction; Affordable Housing
Description:
Disallows dividends paid deduction for real estate investment trusts, except for real estate investment trusts that provide affordable housing in the State. Applies to taxable years beginning after 12/31/2024. Sunsets 12/31/2027.
The summary description
of legislation appearing on this page is for informational purposes only and is
not legislation or evidence of legislative intent.
