Bill Text: CA AB237 | 2017-2018 | Regular Session | Amended
NOTE: There are more recent revisions of this legislation. Read Latest Draft
Bill Title: Pilot Program for Increased Access to Responsible Small Dollar Loans.
Spectrum: Moderate Partisan Bill (Democrat 13-3)
Status: (Passed) 2018-09-30 - Chaptered by Secretary of State - Chapter 1016, Statutes of 2018. [AB237 Detail]
Download: California-2017-AB237-Amended.html
Bill Title: Pilot Program for Increased Access to Responsible Small Dollar Loans.
Spectrum: Moderate Partisan Bill (Democrat 13-3)
Status: (Passed) 2018-09-30 - Chaptered by Secretary of State - Chapter 1016, Statutes of 2018. [AB237 Detail]
Download: California-2017-AB237-Amended.html
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Amended
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July 03, 2018 |
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June 04, 2018 |
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Amended
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Assembly
April 19, 2017 |
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Amended
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April 17, 2017 |
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Amended
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March 28, 2017 |
CALIFORNIA LEGISLATURE—
2017–2018 REGULAR SESSION
| Assembly Bill | No. 237 |
| Introduced by Assembly Member Gonzalez Fletcher (Coauthors: Assembly Members Cooper, Cunningham, and Quirk) (Coauthors: Senators Anderson, Dodd, Hertzberg, Hill, Hueso, Skinner, and Wilk) |
January 30, 2017 |
An act to amend Sections 22365 and 22370 of the Financial Code, relating to consumer loans.
LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGEST
AB 237, as amended, Gonzalez Fletcher.
Pilot Program for Increased Access to Responsible Small Dollar Loans.
Existing law,
(1) Existing law, the California Financing Law, generally provides for the licensure and regulation of finance lenders, brokers, and, beginning on January 1, 2019, program administrators, by the Commissioner of Business Oversight. The CFL makes makes a willful violation of specified provisions a crime.
The CFL, until January 1, 2023, establishes the Pilot Program for Increased
Access to Responsible Small Dollar Loans,
Loans (pilot program),
which requires licensees and other entities that wish to participate in the pilot program to file an application and pay a specified fee to the commissioner to participate in the pilot program. The pilot program authorizes a licensee approved by the commissioner to participate in the pilot program to impose specified alternative interest rates and charges, including an administrative fee and delinquency fees, on unsecured loans of at least $300 and less than $2,500, subject to certain requirements.
This bill
would increase the upper limit on the amount of a permissible loan under the pilot program from $2,500 to $10,000 $7,500 and make corresponding changes. By expanding the scope of the program, the bill would expand the definition of a crime and thereby impose a state-mandated local program.
(2) Under the pilot program, a licensee is prohibited from making a loan if that licensee determines, through its underwriting, that the borrower’s total monthly debt service payments exceed 50% of the borrower’s monthly gross income.
This bill would instead prohibit a licensee from making a loan under these circumstances if the borrower’s total monthly debt service payments exceed 50% of the borrower’s gross monthly income for a loan of no more than $2,500, or exceed 36% of the borrower’s gross monthly income for a loan in excess of $2,500.
(3) The pilot program establishes that a loan with a principal balance, upon origination, of at least $1,500 is required have a term of not less than 180 days. As an alternative to other authorized charges, a licensee approved by the commissioner to participate in the pilot program may contract for and receive charges at an annual simple interest rate not exceeding specified amounts.
This bill would additionally require a loan under the pilot program that has a principal balance exceeding $2,500 to have a minimum term of one year and a maximum term of 5 years. The bill would also require licensees to reduce the interest rates on each subsequent loan to the same borrower beginning with a minimum of one percentage point per month and subject to additional reductions, if specified conditions are satisfied.
(4) Under the pilot program, licensees are required to develop and implement policies and procedures designed to respond to questions raised by applicants and borrowers regarding their loans, including those involving finders. Existing law describes a finder as an entity that brings a licensee and a prospective borrower together for the purpose of negotiating a loan contract.
This bill would also require licensees to perform reasonable background checks on any finders associated with a licensee’s participation in the pilot program.
By increasing the scope of the program, the bill would expand the definition of a crime, thereby imposing a state-mandated local program.
The California Constitution requires the state to reimburse local agencies and school districts for certain costs mandated by the state. Statutory provisions establish procedures for making that reimbursement.
This bill would provide that no reimbursement is required by this act for a specified reason.
Digest Key
Vote: MAJORITY Appropriation: NO Fiscal Committee: YES Local Program: YESBill Text
The people of the State of California do enact as follows:
SECTION 1.
Section 22365 of the Financial Code is amended to read:22365.
(a) The Pilot Program for Increased Access to Responsible Small Dollar Loans is hereby established.(b) For purposes of this article:
(1) “Commissioner” means the Commissioner of Business Oversight.
(2) “Program” means the Pilot Program for Increased Access to Responsible Small Dollar Loans.
(3) Pursuant to Section 22380.5, “licensee” also includes a licensee approved to participate in the former Pilot Program for Affordable Credit-Building Opportunities as described in Article 3.5
(commencing with Section 22348).
SEC. 2.
Section 22370 of the Financial Code is amended to read:22370.
(a) Any loan made pursuant to this section shall comply with the following requirements:(1) The loan shall be unsecured.
(2) Interest on the loan shall accrue on a simple-interest basis, through the application of a daily periodic rate to the actual unpaid principal balance each day.
(3) The licensee shall disclose the following to the consumer in writing, in a typeface no smaller than 12-point type, at the time of application:
(A) The amount borrowed; the total dollar cost of the loan to the
consumer if the loan is paid back on time, including the sum of the administrative fee, principal amount borrowed, and interest payments; the corresponding annual percentage rate, calculated in accordance with Federal Reserve Board Regulation Z (12 C.F.R. 226.1 et seq.); the periodic payment amount; the delinquency fee schedule; and the following statement: “Repaying your loan early will lower your borrowing costs by reducing the amount of interest you will pay. This loan has no prepayment penalty.”
(B) A statement that the consumer has the right to rescind the loan by notifying the licensee of the consumer’s intent to rescind the loan and returning the principal advanced by the end of the business day following the date the loan is consummated.
(4) A licensee may provide the borrower
with the disclosures required by paragraph (3) in a mobile or other electronic application, on which the size of the typeface of the disclosure can be manually modified by a prospective borrower, if the prospective borrower is given the option to print the disclosure in a typeface of at least 12-point size or is provided by the licensee with a hardcopy of the disclosure in a typeface of at least 12-point size before the loan is consummated.
(5) The loan shall have a minimum principal amount upon origination of three hundred dollars ($300) and a term of not less than the following:
(A) Ninety days for loans whose principal balance upon origination is less than five hundred dollars ($500).
(B) One hundred twenty days for
loans whose principal balance upon origination is at least five hundred dollars ($500), but is less than one thousand five hundred dollars ($1,500).
(C) One hundred eighty days for loans whose principal balance upon origination is at least one thousand five hundred dollars ($1,500). ($1,500), but is less than two thousand five hundred dollars ($2,500).
(D) One year nor more than five years for loans whose principal balance is more than two thousand five hundred dollars ($2,500).
(b) As an alternative to the charges authorized by Section 22303 or 22304, a licensee approved by the commissioner to participate in the program may contract for and receive charges for a loan made pursuant to this section at an annual simple interest rate not to exceed the following:
(1) The lesser of 36 percent or the sum of 32.75 percent plus the United States prime lending rate, as of the date of loan origination, on that portion of the unpaid principal balance of the loan up to and including, but not in excess of, one thousand dollars ($1,000). The interest rate calculated as of the date of loan origination shall be fixed for the life of the loan.
(2) The lesser of 35 percent or the sum of 28.75 percent plus the United States prime lending rate, as of the date of loan origination,
on that portion of the unpaid principal balance of the loan in excess of one thousand dollars ($1,000), but less than ten thousand dollars ($10,000).
seven thousand five hundred dollars ($7,500). The interest rate calculated as of the date of loan origination shall be fixed for the life of the loan.
(c) Notwithstanding subdivision (b) and subject to subdivision (d), a licensee approved by the commissioner to participate in the program shall reduce the interest rates specified in subdivision (b) on each subsequent loan to the same borrower by a minimum of one percentage point, as follows:
(1) The interest rates shall be reduced by one percentage point for loans with contractual terms of two years or less.
(2) In addition to the percentage point in paragraph (1), the interest rates shall be reduced by one additional percentage point
for every additional contracted partial or full 12-month term.
(3) The interest rates on third and subsequent loans to the same borrower shall be reduced in accordance with paragraphs (1) and (2), but shall represent interest rate reductions relative to the interest rates applicable to the borrower’s prior loan rather than the rates specified in subdivision (b).
(4) Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) to (3), inclusive, a licensee shall not be required to reduce the interest rate on a subsequent loan by more than four percentage points relative to the rates specified in subdivision (b).
(5) The interest rate calculated as of the date of the loan origination shall be fixed for the life of the loan.
(d) The interest rate reductions specified in subdivision (c)
shall apply only if all of the following conditions are met:
(1) The subsequent loan is originated no more than 180 days after the prior loan is fully repaid.
(2) The borrower was never more than 15 days delinquent on the prior loan.
(3) The prior loan was outstanding for at least one-half of its original term prior to its repayment.
(c)
(e) (1) As to any loan made under this section, a licensee approved by the
commissioner to participate in the program may contract for and receive an administrative fee, which shall be fully earned immediately upon making the loan, in an amount not to exceed the applicable of the following:
(A) Seven percent of the principal amount, exclusive of the administrative fee, or ninety dollars ($90), whichever is less, on the first loan made to a borrower.
(B) Six percent of the principal amount, exclusive of the administrative fee, or seventy-five dollars ($75), whichever is less, on the second and subsequent loans made to that borrower.
(2) A licensee shall not charge the same borrower an administrative fee more than once in any four-month period.
(3) For purposes of this section, “refinance” means the replacement or revision of an existing loan contract with a borrower that results in an extension of additional principal to that borrower. A licensee shall not refinance a loan made under this section, unless all of the following conditions are met at the time the borrower submits an application to refinance:
(A) The borrower has repaid at least 60 percent of the outstanding principal remaining on his or her loan.
(B) The borrower is current on his or her outstanding loan.
(C) The licensee underwrites the new loan in accordance with paragraph (4) of subdivision (g).
(i).
(D) If the loan proceeds of both the original loan and the refinance loan are to be used for personal, family, or household purposes, the borrower has not previously refinanced the outstanding loan more than once.
(4) Notwithstanding paragraph (3), an administrative fee shall not be contracted for or received in connection with the refinancing of a loan unless at least eight months have elapsed since the receipt of a previous administrative fee paid by the borrower. With the exception of a loan that is refinanced, only one administrative fee may be contracted for or received until the loan has been repaid in full. Section 22305 shall not apply to any loan made under this section.
(d)
(f) Notwithstanding subdivision (a) of Section 22320.5, a licensee approved by the commissioner to participate in the program may require reimbursement from a borrower for the actual insufficient funds fees incurred by that licensee due to actions of the borrower, and may contract for and receive a delinquency fee that is one of the following amounts:
(1) For a period of delinquency of not less than seven days, an amount not in excess of fourteen dollars ($14).
(2) For a period of delinquency of not less than 14 days, an amount not in excess of twenty dollars ($20).
(e)
(g) If a licensee opts to impose a delinquency fee, it shall use the delinquency fee schedule described in subdivision (d), (f), subject to all of the following:
(1) No more than one delinquency fee may be imposed per delinquent payment.
(2) No more than two delinquency fees may be imposed during any period of 30 consecutive days.
(3) No delinquency fee may be imposed on a borrower who is 180 days
or more past due if that fee would result in the sum of the borrower’s remaining unpaid principal balance, accrued interest, and delinquency fees exceeding 180 percent of the original principal amount of the borrower’s loan.
(4) The licensee or any of its wholly owned subsidiaries shall attempt to collect a delinquent payment for a period of at least 30 days following the start of the delinquency before selling or assigning that unpaid debt to an independent party for collection.
(f)
(h) (1) The licensee shall develop and implement policies and procedures designed to respond to questions raised by applicants and borrowers regarding their loans, including those involving finders, and to address customer complaints as soon as reasonably practicable.
(2) The licensee shall perform a reasonable background check on any finders associated with the licensee’s participation in the program.
(g)
(i) The following applies to a loan made by a licensee pursuant to this section:
(1) Beforedisbursement Before disbursement of loan proceeds, the licensee shall either (A) offer a credit education program or seminar to the borrower that has been previously reviewed and approved by the commissioner for use in complying with this section; or (B) invite the borrower to a credit education program or seminar offered by an independent third party that has been previously reviewed and approved by the commissioner for use in complying with this section. The borrower shall not be required to participate in either of these education programs or seminars. A credit education program
or seminar offered pursuant to this paragraph shall be provided at no cost to the borrower.
(2) The licensee shall report each borrower’s payment performance to at least one consumer reporting agency that compiles and maintains files on consumers on a nationwide basis, upon acceptance as a data furnisher by that consumer reporting agency. For purposes of this section, a consumer reporting agency that compiles and maintains files on consumers on a nationwide
basis is one that meets the definition in Section 603(p) of the federal Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 U.S.C. Sec. 1681a(p)). Any licensee that is accepted as a data furnisher after admittance into the program must report all borrower payment performance since its inception of lending under the program, as soon as practicable after its acceptance into the program, but in no event more than six months after its acceptance into the program.
(A) The commissioner may approve a licensee for the program, before that licensee has been accepted as a data furnisher by a consumer reporting agency, if the commissioner has a reasonable expectation, based on information supplied by the licensee, of both of the following:
(i) The licensee will be accepted as a data furnisher, once it
achieves a lending volume required of data furnishers of its type by a consumer reporting agency.
(ii) That lending volume will be achieved within the first six months of the licensee commencing lending.
(B) Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), the commissioner shall withdraw approval for pilot program participation from any licensee that fails to become accepted as a data furnisher by a consumer reporting agency within six months of commencing lending under the pilot program.
(3) The licensee shall provide each borrower with the name of the consumer reporting agency or agencies to which it will report the borrower’s payment history. A licensee that is accepted as a data furnisher after admittance into the program
shall notify its borrowers, as soon as practicable following acceptance as a data furnisher, regarding the name of the consumer reporting agency or agencies to which it will report that borrower’s payment history.
(4) (A) The licensee shall underwrite each loan to determine a borrower’s ability and willingness to repay the loan pursuant to the loan terms, and shall not make a loan if it determines, through its underwriting, that the borrower’s total monthly debt service payments, at the time of origination, including the loan for which the borrower is being considered, and across all outstanding forms of credit that can be independently verified by the licensee, exceed 50 percent of the borrower’s gross monthly income.
income for a loan of no more than two thousand five hundred dollars ($2,500) or exceed 36 percent of the borrower’s gross monthly income for a loan in excess of two thousand five hundred dollars ($2,500).
(B) (i) The licensee shall seek information and documentation pertaining to all of a borrower’s outstanding debt obligations during the loan application and underwriting process, including loans that are self-reported by the borrower but not available through independent verification. The licensee shall verify that information using a credit report from at least one consumer reporting agency that compiles and maintains files on consumers on a nationwide basis or through other available electronic debt verification services that provide reliable evidence of a borrower’s outstanding debt obligations.
(ii) Notwithstanding the verification requirement in subparagraph (A), the licensee shall request from the borrower and include all information obtained from the borrower regarding outstanding deferred deposit transactions in the calculation of the borrower’s outstanding debt obligations.
(iii) The licensee shall not be required to consider, for purposes of debt-to-income ratio evaluation, loans from friends or family.
(C) The licensee shall also verify the borrower’s income that the licensee relies on to determine the borrower’s debt-to-income ratio using information from either of the following:
(i) Electronic means or services that provide reliable evidence of
the borrower’s actual income.
(ii) Internal Revenue Service Form W-2, tax returns, payroll receipts, bank statements, or other third-party documents that provide reasonably reliable evidence of the borrower’s actual income.
(5) The licensee shall notify each borrower, at least two days before each payment due date, informing the borrower of the amount due, and the payment due date. Notification may be provided by any means mutually acceptable to the borrower and the licensee. A borrower shall have the right to opt out of this notification at any time, upon electronic or written request to the licensee. The licensee shall notify each borrower of this right
before disbursing loan proceeds.
(h)
(j) (1) Notwithstanding Sections 22311 to 22315, inclusive, no person, in connection with, or incidental to, the making of any loan made pursuant to this article, may offer, sell, or require the borrower to contract for “credit insurance” as defined in paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) of Section 22314 or insurance on tangible personal or real property of the type specified in Section 22313.
(2) Notwithstanding Sections 22311 to 22315, inclusive, no licensee,
finder, or any other person that participates in the origination of a loan under this article shall refer a borrower to any other person for the purchase of “credit insurance” as defined in paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) of Section 22314 or insurance on tangible personal or real property of the type specified in Section
22313.
(i)
(k) (1) A licensee shall not require, as a condition of providing the loan, that the borrower waive any right, penalty, remedy, forum, or procedure provided for in any law applicable to the loan, including the right to file and pursue a civil action or file a complaint with or otherwise communicate with the commissioner or any court or other public entity, or that the borrower agree to resolve disputes in a jurisdiction outside of California or to the application of laws other than those of California, as provided by law. Any waiver by a borrower
must be knowing, voluntary, and in writing, and expressly not made a condition of doing business with the licensee. Any waiver that is required as a condition of doing business with the licensee shall be presumed involuntary, unconscionable, against public policy, and unenforceable. The licensee has the burden of proving that a waiver of any rights, penalties, forums, or procedures was knowing, voluntary, and not made a condition of the contract with the borrower.
(2) A licensee shall not refuse to do business with or discriminate against a borrower or applicant on the basis that the borrower or applicant refuses to waive any right, penalty, remedy, forum, or procedure, including the right to file and pursue a civil action or complaint with, or otherwise notify, the commissioner or any court or other public entity. The exercise of a person’s
right to refuse to waive any right, penalty, remedy, forum, or procedure, including a rejection of a contract requiring a waiver, shall not affect any otherwise legal terms of a contract or an agreement.
(3) This subdivision does not apply to any agreement to waive any right, penalty, remedy, forum, or procedure, including any agreement to arbitrate a claim or dispute, after a claim or dispute has arisen. This subdivision does not affect the enforceability or validity of any other provision of the contract.
(j)
(l) This section
does not apply to any loan of a bona fide principal amount of ten thousand dollars ($10,000)
seven thousand five hundred dollars ($7,500) or more as determined in accordance with Section 22251. For purposes of this subdivision, “bona fide principal amount” shall be determined in accordance with Section 22251.
