Bill Text: TX HB794 | 2023-2024 | 88th Legislature | Introduced


Bill Title: Relating to limitations on increases in the appraised value for ad valorem tax purposes of residence homesteads and single-family residences other than residence homesteads.

Spectrum: Partisan Bill (Republican 1-0)

Status: (Introduced - Dead) 2023-02-28 - Referred to Ways & Means [HB794 Detail]

Download: Texas-2023-HB794-Introduced.html
 
 
  By: Schatzline H.B. No. 794
 
 
 
A BILL TO BE ENTITLED
 
AN ACT
  relating to limitations on increases in the appraised value for ad
  valorem tax purposes of residence homesteads and single-family
  residences other than residence homesteads.
         BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:
         SECTION 1.  Section 1.12(d), Tax Code, is amended to read as
  follows:
         (d)  For purposes of this section, the appraisal ratio of
  property [a homestead] to which Section 23.23 or 23.231 applies is
  the ratio of the property's market value as determined by the
  appraisal district or appraisal review board, as applicable, to the
  market value of the property according to law. The appraisal ratio
  is not calculated according to the appraised value of the property
  as limited by Section 23.23 or 23.231.
         SECTION 2.  Section 23.23(a), Tax Code, is amended to read as
  follows:
         (a)  Notwithstanding the requirements of Section 25.18 and
  regardless of whether the appraisal office has appraised the
  property and determined the market value of the property for the tax
  year, an appraisal office may increase the appraised value of a
  residence homestead for a tax year to an amount not to exceed the
  lesser of:
               (1)  the market value of the property for the most
  recent tax year that the market value was determined by the
  appraisal office; or
               (2)  the sum of:
                     (A)  five [10] percent of the appraised value of
  the property for the preceding tax year;
                     (B)  the appraised value of the property for the
  preceding tax year; and
                     (C)  the market value of all new improvements to
  the property.
         SECTION 3.  Subchapter B, Chapter 23, Tax Code, is amended by
  adding Section 23.231 to read as follows:
         Sec. 23.231.  LIMITATION ON APPRAISED VALUE OF SINGLE-FAMILY
  RESIDENCE OTHER THAN RESIDENCE HOMESTEAD. (a)  In this section:
               (1)  "Disaster recovery program" means the disaster
  recovery program administered by the General Land Office or by a
  political subdivision of this state that is funded with community
  development block grant disaster recovery money authorized by
  federal law.
               (2)  "New improvement" means an improvement to real
  property made after the most recent appraisal of the property that
  increases the market value of the property and the value of which is
  not included in the appraised value of the property for the
  preceding tax year. The term does not include repairs to or
  ordinary maintenance of an existing structure or the grounds or
  another feature of the property.
               (3)  "Qualifying trust" has the meaning assigned by
  Section 11.13.
               (4)  "Single-family residence" means a structure,
  including a mobile home, together with the land, not to exceed 20
  acres, and improvements used in the residential occupancy of the
  structure, if the structure and the land and improvements have
  identical ownership, that:
                     (A)  is owned by one or more individuals, either
  directly or through a beneficial interest in a qualifying trust;
                     (B)  is designed or adapted for human residence;
  and
                     (C)  is used as a single-family residence.
         (b)  This section does not apply to:
               (1)  a residence homestead that qualifies for an
  exemption under Section 11.13; or
               (2)  property appraised under Subchapter C, D, E, F, G,
  or H.
         (c)  Notwithstanding the requirements of Section 25.18 and
  regardless of whether the appraisal office has appraised the
  property and determined the market value of the property for the tax
  year, an appraisal office may increase the appraised value of a
  single-family residence to which this section applies for a tax
  year to an amount not to exceed the lesser of:
               (1)  the market value of the property for the most
  recent tax year that the market value was determined by the
  appraisal office; or
               (2)  the sum of:
                     (A)  10 percent of the appraised value of the
  property for the preceding tax year;
                     (B)  the appraised value of the property for the
  preceding tax year; and
                     (C)  the market value of all new improvements to
  the property.
         (d)  When appraising a single-family residence to which this
  section applies, the chief appraiser shall:
               (1)  appraise the property at its market value; and
               (2)  include in the appraisal records both the market
  value of the property and the amount computed under Subsection
  (c)(2).
         (e)  The limitation provided by Subsection (c) takes effect
  as to a single-family residence on January 1 of the tax year
  following the first tax year in which the owner owns the property on
  January 1 and in which the property is used as a single-family
  residence. The limitation expires on January 1 of the tax year
  following the tax year in which the owner of the property ceases to
  own the property or the property ceases to be used as a
  single-family residence.
         (f)  For purposes of Subsection (e), a person who acquired a
  single-family residence to which this section applies before the
  2023 tax year is considered to have acquired the property on January
  1, 2023.
         (g)  Notwithstanding Subsections (a) and (c) and except as
  provided by Subdivision (2) of this subsection, an improvement to
  real property that would otherwise constitute a new improvement is
  not treated as a new improvement if the improvement is a replacement
  structure for a structure that was rendered uninhabitable or
  unusable by a casualty or by wind or water damage. For purposes of
  appraising the property under Subsection (c) in the tax year in
  which the structure would have constituted a new improvement:
               (1)  the appraised value the property would have had in
  the preceding tax year if the casualty or damage had not occurred is
  considered to be the appraised value of the property for that year,
  regardless of whether that appraised value exceeds the actual
  appraised value of the property for that year as limited by
  Subsection (c); and
               (2)  the replacement structure is considered to be a
  new improvement only if:
                     (A)  the square footage of the replacement
  structure exceeds that of the replaced structure as that structure
  existed before the casualty or damage occurred; or
                     (B)  the exterior of the replacement structure is
  of higher quality construction and composition than that of the
  replaced structure.
         (h)  Notwithstanding Subsection (g)(2), and only to the
  extent necessary to satisfy the requirements of the disaster
  recovery program, a replacement structure described by that
  subdivision is not considered to be a new improvement if to satisfy
  the requirements of the disaster recovery program it was necessary
  that:
               (1)  the square footage of the replacement structure
  exceed that of the replaced structure as that structure existed
  before the casualty or damage occurred; or
               (2)  the exterior of the replacement structure be of
  higher quality construction and composition than that of the
  replaced structure.
         SECTION 4.  Sections 25.19(b) and (g), Tax Code, are amended
  to read as follows:
         (b)  The chief appraiser shall separate real from personal
  property and include in the notice for each:
               (1)  a list of the taxing units in which the property is
  taxable;
               (2)  the appraised value of the property in the
  preceding year;
               (3)  the taxable value of the property in the preceding
  year for each taxing unit taxing the property;
               (4)  the appraised value of the property for the
  current year, the kind and amount of each exemption and partial
  exemption, if any, approved for the property for the current year
  and for the preceding year, and, if an exemption or partial
  exemption that was approved for the preceding year was canceled or
  reduced for the current year, the amount of the exemption or partial
  exemption canceled or reduced;
               (4-a) a statement of whether the property qualifies for
  the limitation on appraised value provided by Section 23.231;
               (5)  in italic typeface, the following statement: "The
  Texas Legislature does not set the amount of your local taxes. Your
  property tax burden is decided by your locally elected officials,
  and all inquiries concerning your taxes should be directed to those
  officials";
               (6)  a detailed explanation of the time and procedure
  for protesting the value;
               (7)  the date and place the appraisal review board will
  begin hearing protests;
               (8)  an explanation of the availability and purpose of
  an informal conference with the appraisal office before a hearing
  on a protest; and
               (9)  a brief explanation that the governing body of
  each taxing unit decides whether or not taxes on the property will
  increase and the appraisal district only determines the value of
  the property.
         (g)  By April 1 or as soon thereafter as practicable if the
  property is a single-family residence that qualifies for an
  exemption under Section 11.13, or by May 1 or as soon thereafter as
  practicable in connection with any other property, the chief
  appraiser shall deliver a written notice to the owner of each
  property not included in a notice required to be delivered under
  Subsection (a), if the property was reappraised in the current tax
  year, if the ownership of the property changed during the preceding
  year, or if the property owner or the agent of a property owner
  authorized under Section 1.111 makes a written request for the
  notice.  The chief appraiser shall separate real from personal
  property and include in the notice for each property:
               (1)  the appraised value of the property in the
  preceding year;
               (2)  the appraised value of the property for the
  current year and the kind of each partial exemption, if any,
  approved for the current year;
               (2-a) a statement of whether the property qualifies for
  the limitation on appraised value provided by Section 23.231;
               (3)  a detailed explanation of the time and procedure
  for protesting the value; and
               (4)  the date and place the appraisal review board will
  begin hearing protests.
         SECTION 5.  Section 41.41(a), Tax Code, is amended to read as
  follows:
         (a)  A property owner is entitled to protest before the
  appraisal review board the following actions:
               (1)  determination of the appraised value of the
  owner's property or, in the case of land appraised as provided by
  Subchapter C, D, E, or H, Chapter 23, determination of its appraised
  or market value;
               (2)  unequal appraisal of the owner's property;
               (3)  inclusion of the owner's property on the appraisal
  records;
               (4)  denial to the property owner in whole or in part of
  a partial exemption;
               (4-a)  determination that the owner's property does not
  qualify for the limitation on appraised value provided by Section
  23.231;
               (5)  determination that the owner's land does not
  qualify for appraisal as provided by Subchapter C, D, E, or H,
  Chapter 23;
               (6)  identification of the taxing units in which the
  owner's property is taxable in the case of the appraisal district's
  appraisal roll;
               (7)  determination that the property owner is the owner
  of property;
               (8)  a determination that a change in use of land
  appraised under Subchapter C, D, E, or H, Chapter 23, has occurred;
  or
               (9)  any other action of the chief appraiser, appraisal
  district, or appraisal review board that applies to and adversely
  affects the property owner.
         SECTION 6.  Section 42.26(d), Tax Code, is amended to read as
  follows:
         (d)  For purposes of this section, the value of the property
  subject to the suit and the value of a comparable property or sample
  property that is used for comparison must be the market value
  determined by the appraisal district when the property is [a
  residence homestead] subject to the limitation on appraised value
  imposed by Section 23.23 or 23.231.
         SECTION 7.  Sections 403.302(d) and (i), Government Code,
  are amended to read as follows:
         (d)  For the purposes of this section, "taxable value" means
  the market value of all taxable property less:
               (1)  the total dollar amount of any residence homestead
  exemptions lawfully granted under Section 11.13(b) or (c), Tax
  Code, in the year that is the subject of the study for each school
  district;
               (2)  one-half of the total dollar amount of any
  residence homestead exemptions granted under Section 11.13(n), Tax
  Code, in the year that is the subject of the study for each school
  district;
               (3)  the total dollar amount of any exemptions granted
  before May 31, 1993, within a reinvestment zone under agreements
  authorized by Chapter 312, Tax Code;
               (4)  subject to Subsection (e), the total dollar amount
  of any captured appraised value of property that:
                     (A)  is within a reinvestment zone created on or
  before May 31, 1999, or is proposed to be included within the
  boundaries of a reinvestment zone as the boundaries of the zone and
  the proposed portion of tax increment paid into the tax increment
  fund by a school district are described in a written notification
  provided by the municipality or the board of directors of the zone
  to the governing bodies of the other taxing units in the manner
  provided by former Section 311.003(e), Tax Code, before May 31,
  1999, and within the boundaries of the zone as those boundaries
  existed on September 1, 1999, including subsequent improvements to
  the property regardless of when made;
                     (B)  generates taxes paid into a tax increment
  fund created under Chapter 311, Tax Code, under a reinvestment zone
  financing plan approved under Section 311.011(d), Tax Code, on or
  before September 1, 1999; and
                     (C)  is eligible for tax increment financing under
  Chapter 311, Tax Code;
               (5)  the total dollar amount of any captured appraised
  value of property that:
                     (A)  is within a reinvestment zone:
                           (i)  created on or before December 31, 2008,
  by a municipality with a population of less than 18,000; and
                           (ii)  the project plan for which includes
  the alteration, remodeling, repair, or reconstruction of a
  structure that is included on the National Register of Historic
  Places and requires that a portion of the tax increment of the zone
  be used for the improvement or construction of related facilities
  or for affordable housing;
                     (B)  generates school district taxes that are paid
  into a tax increment fund created under Chapter 311, Tax Code; and
                     (C)  is eligible for tax increment financing under
  Chapter 311, Tax Code;
               (6)  the total dollar amount of any exemptions granted
  under Section 11.251 or 11.253, Tax Code;
               (7)  the difference between the comptroller's estimate
  of the market value and the productivity value of land that
  qualifies for appraisal on the basis of its productive capacity,
  except that the productivity value estimated by the comptroller may
  not exceed the fair market value of the land;
               (8)  the portion of the appraised value of residence
  homesteads of individuals who receive a tax limitation under
  Section 11.26, Tax Code, on which school district taxes are not
  imposed in the year that is the subject of the study, calculated as
  if the residence homesteads were appraised at the full value
  required by law;
               (9)  a portion of the market value of property not
  otherwise fully taxable by the district at market value because of
  action required by statute or the constitution of this state, other
  than Section 11.311, Tax Code, that, if the tax rate adopted by the
  district is applied to it, produces an amount equal to the
  difference between the tax that the district would have imposed on
  the property if the property were fully taxable at market value and
  the tax that the district is actually authorized to impose on the
  property, if this subsection does not otherwise require that
  portion to be deducted;
               (10)  the market value of all tangible personal
  property, other than manufactured homes, owned by a family or
  individual and not held or used for the production of income;
               (11)  the appraised value of property the collection of
  delinquent taxes on which is deferred under Section 33.06, Tax
  Code;
               (12)  the portion of the appraised value of property
  the collection of delinquent taxes on which is deferred under
  Section 33.065, Tax Code;
               (13)  the amount by which the market value of property
  [a residence homestead] to which Section 23.23 or 23.231, Tax Code,
  applies exceeds the appraised value of that property as calculated
  under Section 23.23 or 23.231, Tax Code, as applicable [that
  section]; and
               (14)  the total dollar amount of any exemptions granted
  under Section 11.35, Tax Code.
         (i)  If the comptroller determines in the study that the
  market value of property in a school district as determined by the
  appraisal district that appraises property for the school district,
  less the total of the amounts and values listed in Subsection (d) as
  determined by that appraisal district, is valid, the comptroller,
  in determining the taxable value of property in the school district
  under Subsection (d), shall for purposes of Subsection (d)(13)
  subtract from the market value as determined by the appraisal
  district of properties [residence homesteads] to which Section
  23.23 or 23.231, Tax Code, applies the amount by which that amount
  exceeds the appraised value of those properties as calculated by
  the appraisal district under Section 23.23 or 23.231, Tax Code, as
  applicable.  If the comptroller determines in the study that the
  market value of property in a school district as determined by the
  appraisal district that appraises property for the school district,
  less the total of the amounts and values listed in Subsection (d) as
  determined by that appraisal district, is not valid, the
  comptroller, in determining the taxable value of property in the
  school district under Subsection (d), shall for purposes of
  Subsection (d)(13) subtract from the market value as estimated by
  the comptroller of properties [residence homesteads] to which
  Section 23.23 or 23.231, Tax Code, applies the amount by which that
  amount exceeds the appraised value of those properties as
  calculated by the appraisal district under Section 23.23 or 23.231,
  Tax Code, as applicable.
         SECTION 8.  This Act applies only to the appraisal of
  property for ad valorem tax purposes for a tax year that begins on
  or after the effective date of this Act.
         SECTION 9.  This Act takes effect January 1, 2024, but only
  if the constitutional amendment proposed by the 88th Legislature,
  Regular Session, 2023, to authorize the legislature to limit the
  maximum appraised value of a residence homestead for ad valorem tax
  purposes to 105 percent or more of the appraised value of the
  property for the preceding tax year and to limit the maximum
  appraised value of a single-family residence other than a residence
  homestead for those purposes to 110 percent or more of the appraised
  value of the property for the preceding tax year is approved by the
  voters.  If that amendment is not approved by the voters, this Act
  has no effect.
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