Sec. 5739.02. For the purpose of providing revenue with | 6 |
which to meet the needs of the state, for the use of the general | 7 |
revenue fund of the state, for the purpose of securing a thorough | 8 |
and efficient system of common schools throughout the state, for | 9 |
the purpose of affording revenues, in addition to those from | 10 |
general property taxes, permitted under constitutional | 11 |
limitations, and from other sources, for the support of local | 12 |
governmental functions, and for the purpose of reimbursing the | 13 |
state for the expense of administering this chapter, an excise tax | 14 |
is hereby levied on each retail sale made in this state. | 15 |
(2) In the case of the lease or rental, with a fixed term of | 21 |
more than thirty days or an indefinite term with a minimum period | 22 |
of more than thirty days, of any motor vehicles designed by the | 23 |
manufacturer to carry a load of not more than one ton, watercraft, | 24 |
outboard motor, or aircraft, or of any tangible personal property, | 25 |
other than motor vehicles designed by the manufacturer to carry a | 26 |
load of more than one ton, to be used by the lessee or renter | 27 |
primarily for business purposes, the tax shall be collected by the | 28 |
vendor at the time the lease or rental is consummated and shall be | 29 |
calculated by the vendor on the basis of the total amount to be | 30 |
paid by the lessee or renter under the lease agreement. If the | 31 |
total amount of the consideration for the lease or rental includes | 32 |
amounts that are not calculated at the time the lease or rental is | 33 |
executed, the tax shall be calculated and collected by the vendor | 34 |
at the time such amounts are billed to the lessee or renter. In | 35 |
the case of an open-end lease or rental, the tax shall be | 36 |
calculated by the vendor on the basis of the total amount to be | 37 |
paid during the initial fixed term of the lease or rental, and for | 38 |
each subsequent renewal period as it comes due. As used in this | 39 |
division, "motor vehicle" has the same meaning as in section | 40 |
4501.01 of the Revised Code, and "watercraft" includes an outdrive | 41 |
unit attached to the watercraft. | 42 |
A lease with a renewal clause and a termination penalty or | 43 |
similar provision that applies if the renewal clause is not | 44 |
exercised is presumed to be a sham transaction. In such a case, | 45 |
the tax shall be calculated and paid on the basis of the entire | 46 |
length of the lease period, including any renewal periods, until | 47 |
the termination penalty or similar provision no longer applies. | 48 |
The taxpayer shall bear the burden, by a preponderance of the | 49 |
evidence, that the transaction or series of transactions is not a | 50 |
sham transaction. | 51 |
(6) Sales of motor fuel upon receipt, use, distribution, or | 78 |
sale of which in this state a tax is imposed by the law of this | 79 |
state, but this exemption shall not apply to the sale of motor | 80 |
fuel on which a refund of the tax is allowable under division (A) | 81 |
of section 5735.14 of the Revised Code; and the tax commissioner | 82 |
may deduct the amount of tax levied by this section applicable to | 83 |
the price of motor fuel when granting a refund of motor fuel tax | 84 |
pursuant to division (A) of section 5735.14 of the Revised Code | 85 |
and shall cause the amount deducted to be paid into the general | 86 |
revenue fund of this state; | 87 |
(7) Sales of natural gas by a natural gas company, of water | 88 |
by a water-works company, or of steam by a heating company, if in | 89 |
each case the thing sold is delivered to consumers through pipes | 90 |
or conduits, and all sales of communications services by a | 91 |
telegraph company, all terms as defined in section 5727.01 of the | 92 |
Revised Code, and sales of electricity delivered through wires; | 93 |
(8) Casual sales by a person, or auctioneer employed directly | 94 |
by the person to conduct such sales, except as to such sales of | 95 |
motor vehicles, watercraft or outboard motors required to be | 96 |
titled under section 1548.06 of the Revised Code, watercraft | 97 |
documented with the United States coast guard, snowmobiles, and | 98 |
all-purpose vehicles as defined in section 4519.01 of the Revised | 99 |
Code; | 100 |
(9)(a) Sales of services or tangible personal property, other | 101 |
than motor vehicles, mobile homes, and manufactured homes, by | 102 |
churches, organizations exempt from taxation under section | 103 |
501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or nonprofit | 104 |
organizations operated exclusively for charitable purposes as | 105 |
defined in division (B)(12) of this section, provided that the | 106 |
number of days on which such tangible personal property or | 107 |
services, other than items never subject to the tax, are sold does | 108 |
not exceed six in any calendar year, except as otherwise provided | 109 |
in division (B)(9)(b) of this section. If the number of days on | 110 |
which such sales are made exceeds six in any calendar year, the | 111 |
church or organization shall be considered to be engaged in | 112 |
business and all subsequent sales by it shall be subject to the | 113 |
tax. In counting the number of days, all sales by groups within a | 114 |
church or within an organization shall be considered to be sales | 115 |
of that church or organization. | 116 |
(b) The limitation on the number of days on which tax-exempt | 117 |
sales may be made by a church or organization under division | 118 |
(B)(9)(a) of this section does not apply to sales made by student | 119 |
clubs and other groups of students of a primary or secondary | 120 |
school, or a parent-teacher association, booster group, or similar | 121 |
organization that raises money to support or fund curricular or | 122 |
extracurricular activities of a primary or secondary school. | 123 |
(12) Sales of tangible personal property or services to | 133 |
churches, to organizations exempt from taxation under section | 134 |
501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, and to any other | 135 |
nonprofit organizations operated exclusively for charitable | 136 |
purposes in this state, no part of the net income of which inures | 137 |
to the benefit of any private shareholder or individual, and no | 138 |
substantial part of the activities of which consists of carrying | 139 |
on propaganda or otherwise attempting to influence legislation; | 140 |
sales to offices administering one or more homes for the aged or | 141 |
one or more hospital facilities exempt under section 140.08 of the | 142 |
Revised Code; and sales to organizations described in division (D) | 143 |
of section 5709.12 of the Revised Code. | 144 |
"Charitable purposes" means the relief of poverty; the | 145 |
improvement of health through the alleviation of illness, disease, | 146 |
or injury; the operation of an organization exclusively for the | 147 |
provision of professional, laundry, printing, and purchasing | 148 |
services to hospitals or charitable institutions; the operation of | 149 |
a home for the aged, as defined in section 5701.13 of the Revised | 150 |
Code; the operation of a radio or television broadcasting station | 151 |
that is licensed by the federal communications commission as a | 152 |
noncommercial educational radio or television station; the | 153 |
operation of a nonprofit animal adoption service or a county | 154 |
humane society; the promotion of education by an institution of | 155 |
learning that maintains a faculty of qualified instructors, | 156 |
teaches regular continuous courses of study, and confers a | 157 |
recognized diploma upon completion of a specific curriculum; the | 158 |
operation of a parent-teacher association, booster group, or | 159 |
similar organization primarily engaged in the promotion and | 160 |
support of the curricular or extracurricular activities of a | 161 |
primary or secondary school; the operation of a community or area | 162 |
center in which presentations in music, dramatics, the arts, and | 163 |
related fields are made in order to foster public interest and | 164 |
education therein; the production of performances in music, | 165 |
dramatics, and the arts; or the promotion of education by an | 166 |
organization engaged in carrying on research in, or the | 167 |
dissemination of, scientific and technological knowledge and | 168 |
information primarily for the public. | 169 |
(13) Building and construction materials and services sold to | 175 |
construction contractors for incorporation into a structure or | 176 |
improvement to real property under a construction contract with | 177 |
this state or a political subdivision of this state, or with the | 178 |
United States government or any of its agencies; building and | 179 |
construction materials and services sold to construction | 180 |
contractors for incorporation into a structure or improvement to | 181 |
real property that are accepted for ownership by this state or any | 182 |
of its political subdivisions, or by the United States government | 183 |
or any of its agencies at the time of completion of the structures | 184 |
or improvements; building and construction materials sold to | 185 |
construction contractors for incorporation into a horticulture | 186 |
structure or livestock structure for a person engaged in the | 187 |
business of horticulture or producing livestock; building | 188 |
materials and services sold to a construction contractor for | 189 |
incorporation into a house of public worship or religious | 190 |
education, or a building used exclusively for charitable purposes | 191 |
under a construction contract with an organization whose purpose | 192 |
is as described in division (B)(12) of this section; building | 193 |
materials and services sold to a construction contractor for | 194 |
incorporation into a building under a construction contract with | 195 |
an organization exempt from taxation under section 501(c)(3) of | 196 |
the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 when the building is to be used | 197 |
exclusively for the organization's exempt purposes; building and | 198 |
construction materials sold for incorporation into the original | 199 |
construction of a sports facility under section 307.696 of the | 200 |
Revised Code; building and construction materials and services | 201 |
sold to a construction contractor for incorporation into real | 202 |
property outside this state if such materials and services, when | 203 |
sold to a construction contractor in the state in which the real | 204 |
property is located for incorporation into real property in that | 205 |
state, would be exempt from a tax on sales levied by that state; | 206 |
and, until one calendar year after the construction of a | 207 |
convention center that qualifies for property tax exemption under | 208 |
section 5709.084 of the Revised Code is completed, building and | 209 |
construction materials and services sold to a construction | 210 |
contractor for incorporation into the real property comprising | 211 |
that convention center; | 212 |
(15) Sales to persons primarily engaged in any of the | 217 |
activities mentioned in division (B)(42)(a), (g), or (h) of this | 218 |
section, to persons engaged in making retail sales, or to persons | 219 |
who purchase for sale from a manufacturer tangible personal | 220 |
property that was produced by the manufacturer in accordance with | 221 |
specific designs provided by the purchaser, of packages, including | 222 |
material, labels, and parts for packages, and of machinery, | 223 |
equipment, and material for use primarily in packaging tangible | 224 |
personal property produced for sale, including any machinery, | 225 |
equipment, and supplies used to make labels or packages, to | 226 |
prepare packages or products for labeling, or to label packages or | 227 |
products, by or on the order of the person doing the packaging, or | 228 |
sold at retail. "Packages" includes bags, baskets, cartons, | 229 |
crates, boxes, cans, bottles, bindings, wrappings, and other | 230 |
similar devices and containers, but does not include motor | 231 |
vehicles or bulk tanks, trailers, or similar devices attached to | 232 |
motor vehicles. "Packaging" means placing in a package. Division | 233 |
(B)(15) of this section does not apply to persons engaged in | 234 |
highway transportation for hire. | 235 |
(17) Sales to persons engaged in farming, agriculture, | 241 |
horticulture, or floriculture, of tangible personal property for | 242 |
use or consumption primarily in the production by farming, | 243 |
agriculture, horticulture, or floriculture of other tangible | 244 |
personal property for use or consumption primarily in the | 245 |
production of tangible personal property for sale by farming, | 246 |
agriculture, horticulture, or floriculture; or material and parts | 247 |
for incorporation into any such tangible personal property for use | 248 |
or consumption in production; and of tangible personal property | 249 |
for such use or consumption in the conditioning or holding of | 250 |
products produced by and for such use, consumption, or sale by | 251 |
persons engaged in farming, agriculture, horticulture, or | 252 |
floriculture, except where such property is incorporated into real | 253 |
property; | 254 |
(18) Sales of drugs for a human being that may be dispensed | 255 |
only pursuant to a prescription; insulin as recognized in the | 256 |
official United States pharmacopoeia; urine and blood testing | 257 |
materials when used by diabetics or persons with hypoglycemia to | 258 |
test for glucose or acetone; hypodermic syringes and needles when | 259 |
used by diabetics for insulin injections; epoetin alfa when | 260 |
purchased for use in the treatment of persons with medical | 261 |
disease; hospital beds when purchased by hospitals, nursing homes, | 262 |
or other medical facilities; and medical oxygen and medical | 263 |
oxygen-dispensing equipment when purchased by hospitals, nursing | 264 |
homes, or other medical facilities; | 265 |
(22) Sales of services provided by the state or any of its | 281 |
political subdivisions, agencies, instrumentalities, institutions, | 282 |
or authorities, or by governmental entities of the state or any of | 283 |
its political subdivisions, agencies, instrumentalities, | 284 |
institutions, or authorities; | 285 |
(24) Sales to persons engaged in the preparation of eggs for | 289 |
sale of tangible personal property used or consumed directly in | 290 |
such preparation, including such tangible personal property used | 291 |
for cleaning, sanitizing, preserving, grading, sorting, and | 292 |
classifying by size; packages, including material and parts for | 293 |
packages, and machinery, equipment, and material for use in | 294 |
packaging eggs for sale; and handling and transportation equipment | 295 |
and parts therefor, except motor vehicles licensed to operate on | 296 |
public highways, used in intraplant or interplant transfers or | 297 |
shipment of eggs in the process of preparation for sale, when the | 298 |
plant or plants within or between which such transfers or | 299 |
shipments occur are operated by the same person. "Packages" | 300 |
includes containers, cases, baskets, flats, fillers, filler flats, | 301 |
cartons, closure materials, labels, and labeling materials, and | 302 |
"packaging" means placing therein. | 303 |
(32) The sale, lease, repair, and maintenance of, parts for, | 336 |
or items attached to or incorporated in, motor vehicles that are | 337 |
primarily used for transporting tangible personal property | 338 |
belonging to others by a person engaged in highway transportation | 339 |
for hire, except for packages and packaging used for the | 340 |
transportation of tangible personal property; | 341 |
(34) Sales to a telecommunications service vendor, mobile | 347 |
telecommunications service vendor, or satellite broadcasting | 348 |
service vendor of tangible personal property and services used | 349 |
directly and primarily in transmitting, receiving, switching, or | 350 |
recording any interactive, one- or two-way electromagnetic | 351 |
communications, including voice, image, data, and information, | 352 |
through the use of any medium, including, but not limited to, | 353 |
poles, wires, cables, switching equipment, computers, and record | 354 |
storage devices and media, and component parts for the tangible | 355 |
personal property. The exemption provided in this division shall | 356 |
be in lieu of all other exemptions under division (B)(42)(a) or | 357 |
(n) of this section to which the vendor may otherwise be entitled, | 358 |
based upon the use of the thing purchased in providing the | 359 |
telecommunications, mobile telecommunications, or satellite | 360 |
broadcasting service. | 361 |
(b) Sales to direct marketing vendors of preliminary | 367 |
materials such as photographs, artwork, and typesetting that will | 368 |
be used in printing advertising material; of printed matter that | 369 |
offers free merchandise or chances to win sweepstake prizes and | 370 |
that is mailed to potential customers with advertising material | 371 |
described in division (B)(35)(a) of this section; and of equipment | 372 |
such as telephones, computers, facsimile machines, and similar | 373 |
tangible personal property primarily used to accept orders for | 374 |
direct marketing retail sales. | 375 |
For purposes of division (B)(35) of this section, "direct | 379 |
marketing" means the method of selling where consumers order | 380 |
tangible personal property by United States mail, delivery | 381 |
service, or telecommunication and the vendor delivers or ships the | 382 |
tangible personal property sold to the consumer from a warehouse, | 383 |
catalogue distribution center, or similar fulfillment facility by | 384 |
means of the United States mail, delivery service, or common | 385 |
carrier. | 386 |
(c) Items of property that are attached to or incorporated in | 399 |
motor racing vehicles, including engines, chassis, and all other | 400 |
components of the vehicles, and all spare, replacement, and | 401 |
rebuilt parts or components of the vehicles; except not including | 402 |
tires, consumable fluids, paint, and accessories consisting of | 403 |
instrumentation sensors and related items added to the vehicle to | 404 |
collect and transmit data by means of telemetry and other forms of | 405 |
communication. | 406 |
(40) Sales of tangible personal property and services to a | 410 |
provider of electricity used or consumed directly and primarily in | 411 |
generating, transmitting, or distributing electricity for use by | 412 |
others, including property that is or is to be incorporated into | 413 |
and will become a part of the consumer's production, transmission, | 414 |
or distribution system and that retains its classification as | 415 |
tangible personal property after incorporation; fuel or power used | 416 |
in the production, transmission, or distribution of electricity; | 417 |
energy conversion equipment as defined in section 5727.01 of the | 418 |
Revised Code; and tangible personal property and services used in | 419 |
the repair and maintenance of the production, transmission, or | 420 |
distribution system, including only those motor vehicles as are | 421 |
specially designed and equipped for such use. The exemption | 422 |
provided in this division shall be in lieu of all other exemptions | 423 |
in division (B)(42)(a) or (n) of this section to which a provider | 424 |
of electricity may otherwise be entitled based on the use of the | 425 |
tangible personal property or service purchased in generating, | 426 |
transmitting, or distributing electricity. | 427 |
(a) To incorporate the thing transferred as a material or a | 434 |
part into tangible personal property to be produced for sale by | 435 |
manufacturing, assembling, processing, or refining; or to use or | 436 |
consume the thing transferred directly in producing tangible | 437 |
personal property for sale by mining, including, without | 438 |
limitation, the extraction from the earth of all substances that | 439 |
are classed geologically as minerals, production of crude oil and | 440 |
natural gas, or directly in the rendition of a public utility | 441 |
service, except that the sales tax levied by this section shall be | 442 |
collected upon all meals, drinks, and food for human consumption | 443 |
sold when transporting persons. Persons engaged in rendering | 444 |
services in the exploration for, and production of, crude oil and | 445 |
natural gas for others are deemed engaged directly in the | 446 |
exploration for, and production of, crude oil and natural gas. | 447 |
This paragraph does not exempt from "retail sale" or "sales at | 448 |
retail" the sale of tangible personal property that is to be | 449 |
incorporated into a structure or improvement to real property. | 450 |
(h) To use the benefit of a warranty, maintenance or service | 469 |
contract, or similar agreement, as described in division (B)(7) of | 470 |
section 5739.01 of the Revised Code, to repair or maintain | 471 |
tangible personal property, if all of the property that is the | 472 |
subject of the warranty, contract, or agreement would not be | 473 |
subject to the tax imposed by this section; | 474 |
(j) To use or consume the thing transferred primarily in | 477 |
storing, transporting, mailing, or otherwise handling purchased | 478 |
sales inventory in a warehouse, distribution center, or similar | 479 |
facility when the inventory is primarily distributed outside this | 480 |
state to retail stores of the person who owns or controls the | 481 |
warehouse, distribution center, or similar facility, to retail | 482 |
stores of an affiliated group of which that person is a member, or | 483 |
by means of direct marketing. This division does not apply to | 484 |
motor vehicles registered for operation on the public highways. As | 485 |
used in this division, "affiliated group" has the same meaning as | 486 |
in division (B)(3)(e) of section 5739.01 of the Revised Code and | 487 |
"direct marketing" has the same meaning as in division (B)(35) of | 488 |
this section. | 489 |
(n) To use or consume the thing transferred primarily in | 504 |
producing tangible personal property for sale by farming, | 505 |
agriculture, horticulture, or floriculture. Persons engaged in | 506 |
rendering farming, agriculture, horticulture, or floriculture | 507 |
services for others are deemed engaged primarily in farming, | 508 |
agriculture, horticulture, or floriculture. This paragraph does | 509 |
not exempt from "retail sale" or "sales at retail" the sale of | 510 |
tangible personal property that is to be incorporated into a | 511 |
structure or improvement to real property. | 512 |
(44) Sales of replacement and modification parts for engines, | 526 |
airframes, instruments, and interiors in, and paint for, aircraft | 527 |
used primarily in a fractional aircraft ownership program, and | 528 |
sales of services for the repair, modification, and maintenance of | 529 |
such aircraft, and machinery, equipment, and supplies primarily | 530 |
used to provide those services. | 531 |
(45) Sales of telecommunications service that is used | 532 |
directly and primarily to perform the functions of a call center. | 533 |
As used in this division, "call center" means any physical | 534 |
location where telephone calls are placed or received in high | 535 |
volume for the purpose of making sales, marketing, customer | 536 |
service, technical support, or other specialized business | 537 |
activity, and that employs at least fifty individuals that engage | 538 |
in call center activities on a full-time basis, or sufficient | 539 |
individuals to fill fifty full-time equivalent positions. | 540 |
(ii) "Qualified direct selling entity" means an entity | 559 |
selling to direct sellers at the time the entity enters into a tax | 560 |
credit agreement with the tax credit authority pursuant to section | 561 |
122.17 of the Revised Code, provided that the agreement was | 562 |
entered into on or after January 1, 2007. Neither contingencies | 563 |
relevant to the granting of, nor later developments with respect | 564 |
to, the tax credit shall impair the status of the qualified direct | 565 |
selling entity under division (B)(48) of this section after | 566 |
execution of the tax credit agreement by the tax credit authority. | 567 |
(49) Sales of materials, parts, equipment, or engines used in | 572 |
the repair or maintenance of aircraft or avionics systems of such | 573 |
aircraft, and sales of repair, remodeling, replacement, or | 574 |
maintenance services in this state performed on aircraft or on an | 575 |
aircraft's avionics, engine, or component materials or parts. As | 576 |
used in division (B)(49) of this section, "aircraft" means | 577 |
aircraft of more than six thousand pounds maximum certified | 578 |
takeoff weight or used exclusively in general aviation. | 579 |
(50) Sales of full flight simulators that are used for pilot | 580 |
or flight-crew training, sales of repair or replacement parts or | 581 |
components, and sales of repair or maintenance services for such | 582 |
full flight simulators. "Full flight simulator" means a replica of | 583 |
a specific type, or make, model, and series of aircraft cockpit. | 584 |
It includes the assemblage of equipment and computer programs | 585 |
necessary to represent aircraft operations in ground and flight | 586 |
conditions, a visual system providing an out-of-the-cockpit view, | 587 |
and a system that provides cues at least equivalent to those of a | 588 |
three-degree-of-freedom motion system, and has the full range of | 589 |
capabilities of the systems installed in the device as described | 590 |
in appendices A and B of part 60 of chapter 1 of title 14 of the | 591 |
Code of Federal Regulations. | 592 |
(52) Sales of investment metal bullion and investment coins. | 601 |
"Investment metal bullion" means any elementary precious metal | 602 |
that has been put through a process of smelting or refining, | 603 |
including, but not limited to, gold, silver, platinum, and | 604 |
palladium, and which is in such state or condition that its value | 605 |
depends upon its content and not upon its form. "Investment metal | 606 |
bullion" does not include fabricated precious metal that has been | 607 |
processed or manufactured for one or more specific and customary | 608 |
industrial, professional, or artistic uses. "Investment coins" | 609 |
means numismatic coins or other forms of money and legal tender | 610 |
manufactured of gold, silver, platinum, palladium, or other metal | 611 |
under the laws of the United States or any foreign nation with a | 612 |
fair market value greater than any statutory or nominal value of | 613 |
such coins. | 614 |
(E) The tax collected by the vendor from the consumer under | 623 |
this chapter is not part of the price, but is a tax collection for | 624 |
the benefit of the state, and of counties levying an additional | 625 |
sales tax pursuant to section 5739.021 or 5739.026 of the Revised | 626 |
Code and of transit authorities levying an additional sales tax | 627 |
pursuant to section 5739.023 of the Revised Code. Except for the | 628 |
discount authorized under section 5739.12 of the Revised Code and | 629 |
the effects of any rounding pursuant to section 5703.055 of the | 630 |
Revised Code, no person other than the state or such a county or | 631 |
transit authority shall derive any benefit from the collection or | 632 |
payment of the tax levied by this section or section 5739.021, | 633 |
5739.023, or 5739.026 of the Revised Code. | 634 |