Bill Text: NH HB38 | 2023 | Regular Session | Introduced
Bill Title: Relative to the conditions for release of a defendant pending trial.
Spectrum: Moderate Partisan Bill (Republican 8-1)
Status: (Introduced - Dead) 2023-09-14 - Subcommittee Work Session: 10/06/2023 10:00 am Legislative Office Building 202-204 House Calendar 37 [HB38 Detail]
Download: New_Hampshire-2023-HB38-Introduced.html
HB 38-FN - AS INTRODUCED
2023 SESSION
23-0210
04/05
HOUSE BILL 38-FN
AN ACT relative to the conditions for release of a defendant pending trial.
SPONSORS: Rep. Stapleton, Sull. 6; Rep. Ankarberg, Straf. 7; Rep. T. Dolan, Rock. 16; Rep. Edwards, Rock. 31; Rep. Creighton, Hills. 30; Rep. Rollins, Sull. 3; Rep. Hamer, Hills. 19; Rep. Drye, Sull. 7; Sen. Abbas, Dist 22
COMMITTEE: Criminal Justice and Public Safety
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ANALYSIS
This bill makes changes to the burdens of proof, presumptions, and evidentiary standards regarding the release of a defendant pending trial.
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Explanation: Matter added to current law appears in bold italics.
Matter removed from current law appears [in brackets and struckthrough.]
Matter which is either (a) all new or (b) repealed and reenacted appears in regular type.
23-0210
04/05
STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE
In the Year of Our Lord Two Thousand Twenty Three
AN ACT relative to the conditions for release of a defendant pending trial.
Be it Enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Court convened:
1 Bail and Recognizances; Release of a Defendant Pending Trial. Amend RSA 597:2 to read as follows:
597:2 Release of a Defendant Pending Trial.
I. Except as provided in paragraph VI, upon the appearance before the court of a person charged with an offense, the court shall issue an order that, pending arraignment or trial, the person be:
(a) Released on his or her personal recognizance [or upon execution of an unsecured appearance bond, pursuant to the provisions of paragraph III];
(b) Released on a condition or combination of conditions pursuant to the provisions of paragraph III;
(c) Detained; or
(d) Temporarily detained to permit revocation of conditional release pursuant to the provisions of paragraph VIII.
II. Except as provided in RSA 597:1-d, a person charged with a probation violation shall be entitled to a bail hearing. The court shall issue an order that, pending a probation violation hearing, the person be:
(a) Released on his or her personal recognizance [or upon execution of an unsecured appearance bond,] pursuant to the provisions of paragraph III;
(b) Released on a condition or combination of conditions pursuant to the provisions of paragraph III; or
(c) Detained.
III. When considering whether to release or detain a person, the court shall consider the following issues:
(a) Safety of the public or the defendant. If a person is charged with any criminal offense, an offense listed in RSA 173-B:1, I, or a violation of a protective order under RSA 458:16, III, or after arraignment, is charged with a violation of a protective order issued under RSA 173-B, the court may order preventive detention without bail, or, in the alternative, may order restrictive conditions including but not limited to electronic monitoring and supervision, only if the court determines by [clear and convincing] a preponderance of the evidence that release will endanger the safety of that person or the public. In determining whether release will endanger the safety of that person or the public, the court may consider all relevant factors presented pursuant to paragraph IV.
(b) Assuring the court appearance of charged persons.
(1) The court shall order the pre-arraignment or pretrial release of the person on his or her personal recognizance, [or upon execution of an unsecured appearance bond in an amount specified by the court, or cash or corporate surety bail,] subject to the condition that the person not commit a crime during the period of his or her release, and subject to such further condition or combination of conditions that the court may require unless the court determines by a preponderance of the evidence that such release will not reasonably assure the appearance of the person as required.
(2) If the court determines by a preponderance of the evidence that a person has failed to appear on any previous matter charged as a felony, class A misdemeanor, or driving or operating while impaired, or a reasonably equivalent offense in an out-of-state jurisdiction, 3 or more times within the past 5 years, or twice on the present case, there shall be a rebuttable presumption that release will not reasonably assure the appearance of the person as required. The rebuttable presumption may be overcome by clear and convincing evidence that the person will appear as required.
(3) [In determining the amount of the unsecured appearance bond or cash or corporate surety bail, the court may consider all relevant factors bearing upon a person's ability to post bail.
(4) The court shall not impose a financial condition that will result in the pretrial detention of a person solely as a result of that financial condition unless the court determines by clear and convincing evidence that the nature of the allegations presents a substantial risk that the person will not appear and that no reasonable alternative will assure the person's appearance.] The defendant shall be afforded the opportunity to be heard.
(c) Failure of a person to abide by previous bail conditions. If there is probable cause to believe that, while on release pending resolution of a previous offense, the person committed a felony, class A misdemeanor, or driving or operating while impaired, there shall be a rebuttable presumption that the person will not abide by a condition that the person not commit a new offense. [The court shall not impose a financial condition that will result in the pretrial detention of the person solely as a result of that financial condition unless the court determines by clear and convincing evidence after a hearing that no reasonable alternative or combination of conditions will assure that the person will not commit a new offense.] The rebuttable presumption may be overcome by clear and convincing evidence that the person will not commit a felony, class A misdemeanor, or driving or operating while impaired offense if released. The court may consider any relevant factors in making its determination.
IV.(a) Evidence in support of preventive detention shall be made by offer of proof at the initial appearance before the court. At that time, the defendant may request a subsequent bail hearing where live testimony is presented to the court.
(b) At any subsequent hearing, such testimony may be presented via video conferencing, unless the court determines that witness testimony in court is necessary. A request by the defendant for in-court testimony shall be made by oral motion at the initial hearing or by written motion prior to any subsequent hearing. Any order granting the defendant's request shall be distributed to the parties at least 48 hours prior to any subsequent hearing.
(c) There shall be a rebuttable presumption that an alleged victim of the crime shall not be required to testify at the bail hearing. Nothing in this section shall preclude an alleged victim from voluntarily testifying at such hearing. The state may present evidence of statements made in the course of an investigation through a law enforcement officer.
V. A no-contact provision contained in any bail order shall not be construed to:
(a) Prevent counsel for the defendant from having contact with counsel for any of the individuals protected by such provision; or
(b) Prevent the parties, if the defendant and one of the protected individuals are parties in a domestic violence or marital matter, from attending court hearings scheduled in such matters or exchanging copies of legal pleadings filed in court in such matters.
VI. If a person is charged with violation of a protective order issued under RSA 173-B or RSA 633:3-a, the person shall be detained without bail pending arraignment pursuant to RSA 173-B:9, I(a).
VII. In a release order issued pursuant to this section, the court shall include a written statement that sets forth:
(a) All of the conditions to which the release is subject, in a manner sufficiently clear and specific to serve as a guide for the person's conduct; and
(b) The provisions of RSA 641:5, relative to tampering with witnesses and informants.
VIII. A person charged with an offense who is, or was at the time the offense was committed, on release pending trial for a felony or misdemeanor under federal or state law, release pending imposition or execution of sentence, appeal of sentence or conviction, or completion of sentence, for any offense under federal or state law; or probation or parole for any offense under federal or state law, except as provided in RSA 597:1-d, III, [may] shall be detained without bail for a period of not more than 72 hours from the time of his or her arrest, pending arraignment, excluding Saturdays, Sundays and holidays. The law enforcement agency making the arrest shall notify the appropriate court, probation or parole official, or federal, state, or local law enforcement official. Upon such notice, the court shall direct the clerk to notify by telephone the department of corrections, division of field services, of the pending bail hearing. If the department fails or declines to take the person into custody during that period, the person shall be treated in accordance with the provisions of law governing release pending trial. Probationers and parolees who are arrested and fail to advise their supervisory probation officer or parole officer in accordance with the conditions of probations and parole may be subject to arrest and detention as probation and parole violators.
IX. Upon the appearance of a person charged with a class B misdemeanor, the court shall issue an order that, pending arraignment, the person be released on his or her personal recognizance, unless the court determines pursuant to paragraph III that such release will endanger the safety of the person or the public. The court shall appoint an attorney to represent any indigent person charged with a class B misdemeanor denied release for the purpose of representing such person at any detention hearing.
X. A person detained by a circuit court has the right to:
(a) In the first instance, a hearing in circuit court within 36 hours after the filing of the motion, excluding weekends and holidays on a motion to reconsider the original detention order; and
(b) A decision upon a de novo appeal, pursuant to RSA 597:6-e, II, to the superior court within 36 hours of the filing of the appeal, excluding weekends and holidays.
2 Effective Date. This act shall take effect January 1, 2024.
23-0210
11/14/22
HB 38-FN- FISCAL NOTE
AS INTRODUCED
AN ACT relative to the conditions for release of a defendant pending trial.
FISCAL IMPACT: [ X ] State [ X ] County [ X ] Local [ ] None
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STATE: | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | FY 2026 |
Appropriation | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Revenue | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Expenditures | $0 | Indeterminable Increase | Indeterminable Increase | Indeterminable Increase |
Funding Source: | [ X ] General [ ] Education [ ] Highway [ ] Other | |||
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COUNTY: |
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Revenue | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Expenditures | $0 | Indeterminable Increase | Indeterminable Increase | Indeterminable Increase |
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LOCAL: |
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Revenue | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Expenditures | $0 | Indeterminable Decrease | Indeterminable Decrease | Indeterminable Decrease |
METHODOLOGY:
This bill makes changes to the burdens of proof, presumptions, and evidentiary standards regarding the release of a defendant pending trial.
The Judicial Branch states this bill would amend RSA 597:2, VIII to make it mandatory for any person charged with an offense who is committed, or was at the time the offense, on release pending trial for a felony or misdemeanor under federal or state law, be detained without bail for up to 72 hours pending arraignment before a judge, excluding Saturdays, Sundays and holidays. Although the Branch does not have data on the number of persons who would fall under this provision, the Branch assumes the bill would result in significant additional time spent on bail decisions by judges and court staff. The fiscal impact of these additional hearings cannot be determined.
The New Hampshire Association of Counties assumes this bill would increase pretrial detentions resulting in additional county expenditures. The Association is unable to predict the number of such cases or the resulting cost.
The New Hampshire Municipal Association states this bill would result in an indeterminable decrease in costs for municipalities. The Association assumes local police departments would be likely to effect fewer arrests (e.g., failure to appear in court, violation of bail conditions), be required in fewer court appearances, and perform fewer ancillary notifications and other tasks associated with notifying witnesses of court appearances. The actual costs associated with these decreased responsibilities is indeterminable since it is not possible to estimate how many arrests, or court hearings and associated costs would avoided.
AGENCIES CONTACTED:
Judicial Branch, New Hampshire Association of Counties and New Hampshire Municipal Association
