Bill Text: MS HB157 | 2014 | Regular Session | Introduced
Bill Title: Manslaughter; require case to be tried on individual merits.
Spectrum: Partisan Bill (Democrat 1-0)
Status: (Failed) 2014-02-04 - Died In Committee [HB157 Detail]
Download: Mississippi-2014-HB157-Introduced.html
MISSISSIPPI LEGISLATURE
2014 Regular Session
To: Judiciary A
By: Representative Dixon
House Bill 157
AN ACT TO PROVIDE THAT CHARGES OF MANSLAUGHTER SHALL BE TRIED ON THE MERITS OF EACH INDIVIDUAL CASE WITHOUT REGARD TO CERTAIN DEFENSES; TO AMEND SECTIONS 97-3-15, 97-3-27, 97-3-29, 97-3-31, 97-3-33, 97-3-35, 97-3-39, 97-3-41, 97-3-43, 97-3-45 AND 97-3-47, MISSISSIPPI CODE OF 1972, IN CONFORMITY; AND FOR RELATED PURPOSES.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI:
SECTION 1. Any charge of manslaughter shall be tried on the merits of the individual case. There shall be no defense allowable in a manslaughter case regarding heat of passion, self-defense, duress, domestic conflict, provocation or accident.
SECTION 2. Section 97-3-15, Mississippi Code of 1972, is amended as follows:
97-3-15. (1) Except as otherwise provided in Section 1 of this act, the killing of a human being by the act, procurement or omission of another shall be justifiable in the following cases:
(a) When committed by public officers, or those acting by their aid and assistance, in obedience to any judgment of a competent court;
(b) When necessarily committed by public officers, or those acting by their command in their aid and assistance, in overcoming actual resistance to the execution of some legal process, or to the discharge of any other legal duty;
(c) When necessarily committed by public officers, or those acting by their command in their aid and assistance, in retaking any felon who has been rescued or has escaped;
(d) When necessarily committed by public officers, or those acting by their command in their aid and assistance, in arresting any felon fleeing from justice;
(e) When committed by any person in resisting any attempt unlawfully to kill such person or to commit any felony upon him, or upon or in any dwelling, in any occupied vehicle, in any place of business, in any place of employment or in the immediate premises thereof in which such person shall be;
(f) When committed in the lawful defense of one's own person or any other human being, where there shall be reasonable ground to apprehend a design to commit a felony or to do some great personal injury, and there shall be imminent danger of such design being accomplished;
(g) When necessarily committed in attempting by lawful ways and means to apprehend any person for any felony committed;
(h) When necessarily committed in lawfully suppressing any riot or in lawfully keeping and preserving the peace.
(2) (a) As used in subsection (1)(c) and (d) of this section, the term "when necessarily committed" means that a public officer or a person acting by or at the officer's command, aid or assistance is authorized to use such force as necessary in securing and detaining the felon offender, overcoming the offender's resistance, preventing the offender's escape, recapturing the offender if the offender escapes or in protecting himself or others from bodily harm; but such officer or person shall not be authorized to resort to deadly or dangerous means when to do so would be unreasonable under the circumstances. The public officer or person acting by or at the officer's command may act upon a reasonable apprehension of the surrounding circumstances; however, such officer or person shall not use excessive force or force that is greater than reasonably necessary in securing and detaining the offender, overcoming the offender's resistance, preventing the offender's escape, recapturing the offender if the offender escapes or in protecting himself or others from bodily harm.
(b) As used in subsection (1)(c) and (d) of this section the term "felon" shall include an offender who has been convicted of a felony and shall also include an offender who is in custody, or whose custody is being sought, on a charge or for an offense which is punishable, upon conviction, by death or confinement in the Penitentiary.
(c) As used in
subsections (1)(e) and (3) of this section, "dwelling" means a
building or conveyance of any kind that has a roof over it, whether the
building or conveyance is temporary or permanent, mobile or immobile, including
a tent, that is designed to be occupied by people lodging therein at night,
including any attached porch * * *.
(3) A person who uses
defensive force shall be presumed to have reasonably feared imminent death or
great bodily harm, or the commission of a felony upon him or another or upon
his dwelling, or against a vehicle which he was occupying, or against his
business or place of employment or the immediate premises of such business or
place of employment, if the person against whom the defensive force was used, was
in the process of unlawfully and forcibly entering, or had unlawfully and
forcibly entered, a dwelling, occupied vehicle, business, place of employment
or the immediate premises thereof or if that person had unlawfully removed or
was attempting to unlawfully remove another against the other person's will
from that dwelling, occupied vehicle, business, place of employment or the
immediate premises thereof and the person who used defensive force knew or had
reason to believe that the forcible entry or unlawful and forcible act was
occurring or had occurred. This presumption shall not apply if the person
against whom defensive force was used has a right to be in or is a lawful
resident or owner of the dwelling, vehicle, business, place of employment or
the immediate premises thereof or is the lawful resident or owner of the
dwelling, vehicle, business, place of employment or the immediate premises
thereof or if the person who uses defensive force is engaged in unlawful
activity or if the person is a law enforcement officer engaged in the
performance of his official duties * * *.
(4) A person who is not the initial aggressor and is not engaged in unlawful activity shall have no duty to retreat before using deadly force under subsection (1)(e) or (f) of this section if the person is in a place where the person has a right to be, and no finder of fact shall be permitted to consider the person's failure to retreat as evidence that the person's use of force was unnecessary, excessive or unreasonable.
(5) (a) The presumptions contained in subsection (3) of this section shall apply in civil cases in which self-defense or defense of another is claimed as a defense.
(b) The court shall award reasonable attorney's fees, court costs, compensation for loss of income, and all expenses incurred by the defendant in defense of any civil action brought by a plaintiff if the court finds that the defendant acted in accordance with subsection (1)(e) or (f) of this section. A defendant who has previously been adjudicated "not guilty" of any crime by reason of subsection (1)(e) or (f) of this section shall be immune from any civil action for damages arising from same conduct.
SECTION 3. Section 97-3-27, Mississippi Code of 1972, is amended as follows:
97-3-27. Except as otherwise provided in Section 1 of this act, the killing of a human being without malice, by the act, procurement, or culpable negligence of another, while such other is engaged in the perpetration of any felony, except those felonies enumerated in Section 97-3-19(2)(e) and (f), or while such other is attempting to commit any felony besides such as are above enumerated and excepted, shall be manslaughter.
SECTION 4. Section 97-3-29, Mississippi Code of 1972, is amended as follows:
97-3-29. Except as otherwise provided in Section 1 of this act, the killing of a human being without malice, by the act, procurement, or culpable negligence of another, while such other is engaged in the perpetration of any crime or misdemeanor not amounting to felony, or in the attempt to commit any crime or misdemeanor, where such killing would be murder at common law, shall be manslaughter.
SECTION 5. Section 97-3-31, Mississippi Code of 1972, is amended as follows:
97-3-31. Except as otherwise provided in Section 1 of this act, every person who shall unnecessarily kill another, either while resisting an attempt by such other person to commit any felony, or to do any unlawful act, or after such attempt shall have failed, shall be guilty of manslaughter.
SECTION 6. Section 97-3-33, Mississippi Code of 1972, is amended as follows:
97-3-33. Except as otherwise provided in Section 1 of this act, the involuntary killing of a human being by the act, procurement, or culpable negligence of another, while such human being is engaged in the commission of a trespass or other injury to private rights or property, or is engaged in an attempt to commit such injury, shall be manslaughter.
SECTION 7. Section 97-3-35, Mississippi Code of 1972, is amended as follows:
97-3-35. Except as otherwise provided in Section 1 of this act, the killing of a human being, without malice, in the heat of passion, but in a cruel or unusual manner, or by the use of a dangerous weapon, without authority of law, and not in necessary self-defense, shall be manslaughter.
SECTION 8. Section 97-3-39, Mississippi Code of 1972, is amended as follows:
97-3-39. Except as otherwise provided in Section 1 of this act, if any physician or other person, while in a state of intoxication, shall, without a design to effect death, administer or cause to be administered, any poison, drug, or other medicine, or shall perform any surgical operation on another, which shall cause the death of such other person, he shall be guilty of manslaughter.
SECTION 9. Section 97-3-41, Mississippi Code of 1972, is amended as follows:
97-3-41. Except as
otherwise provided in Section 1 of this act, any person navigating any boat
or vessel for gain, who shall * * * willfully or negligently
receive so many passengers, or such quantity of lading, that by means thereof
such boat or vessel shall sink or overset, and thereby any human being shall be
drowned or otherwise killed, shall be guilty of manslaughter.
SECTION 10. Section 97-3-43, Mississippi Code of 1972, is amended as follows:
97-3-43. Except as otherwise provided in Section 1 of this act, if any captain, engineer, or any other person having charge of a steamboat or railroad engine connected with a car or cars used for the conveyance of passengers; or if the engineer or other person having charge of the boiler of such boat or engine, or of any other apparatus for the generation of steam, shall, from ignorance or gross neglect, or for the purpose of excelling any other boat in speed, or for the purpose of unusual speed, create or allow to be created such an undue quantity of steam as to burst or break the boiler or other apparatus in which it shall be generated, or any apparatus or machinery connected therewith, or shall thereby cause the said engine or cars to run off of said railroad track, or from any other ignorant or gross neglect shall permit or cause such cars or engine to be thus thrown, by which bursting, breaking, or running off the track any person shall be killed, every such captain, engineer, or other person, shall be guilty of manslaughter.
SECTION 11. Section 97-3-45, Mississippi Code of 1972, is amended as follows:
97-3-45. Except as
otherwise provided in Section 1 of this act, if the owner of a mischievous
animal, knowing its propensity, * * * willfully suffer it to go at
large, or shall keep it without ordinary care, and such animal, while so at
large, or not confined, kill any human being who shall have taken reasonable
precautions to avoid the animal, such owner shall be guilty of manslaughter.
SECTION 12. Section 97-3-47, Mississippi Code of 1972, is amended as follows:
97-3-47. Except as otherwise provided in Section 1 of this act, every other killing of a human being, by the act, procurement, or culpable negligence of another, and without authority of law, not provided for in this title, shall be manslaughter.
SECTION 13. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after July 1, 2014.
