Bill Text: MI HB4073 | 2017-2018 | 99th Legislature | Introduced


Bill Title: Crimes; gangs; gang participation; prohibit, and provide a penalty. Amends sec. 411u of 1931 PA 328 (MCL 750.411u).

Spectrum: Partisan Bill (Republican 1-0)

Status: (Introduced - Dead) 2017-01-25 - Bill Electronically Reproduced 01/24/2017 [HB4073 Detail]

Download: Michigan-2017-HB4073-Introduced.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

HOUSE BILL No. 4073

 

 

January 24, 2017, Introduced by Rep. Kesto and referred to the Committee on Law and Justice.

 

     A bill to amend 1931 PA 328, entitled

 

"The Michigan penal code,"

 

by amending section 411u (MCL 750.411u), as added by 2008 PA 564.

 

THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN ENACT:

 

     Sec. 411u. (1) If a person who is an associate or a member of

 

a gang commits a felony or attempts to commit a felony and the

 

person's association or membership in the gang provides the motive,

 

means, or opportunity to commit the felony, the person is guilty of

 

a felony punishable by imprisonment for not more than 20 years. As

 

used in this section:

 

     (a) "Gang" means an ongoing organization, association, or

 

group of 5 or more people, other than a nonprofit organization,

 

that identifies itself by all of the following:

 

     (i) A unifying mark, manner, protocol, or method of expressing

 

membership, including a common name, sign or symbol, means of


recognition, geographical or territorial sites, or boundary or

 

location.

 

     (ii) An established leadership or command structure.

 

     (iii) Defined membership criteria.

 

     (b) "Gang member" or "member of a gang" means a person who

 

belongs to a gang.

 

     (2) A sentence imposed under this section is in addition to

 

the sentence imposed for the conviction of the underlying felony or

 

the attempt to commit the underlying felony and may be served

 

consecutively with and preceding any term of imprisonment imposed

 

for the conviction of the felony or attempt to commit the felony.

 

     (1) A person who actively participates in a gang as a gang

 

member, who knowingly acts in the capacity of an agent or accessory

 

for a gang, or who promotes, furthers, or assists in any criminal

 

conduct by members of a gang that constitutes a felony is guilty of

 

a felony punishable by imprisonment for not more than 10 years or a

 

fine of not more than $10,000.00, or both. The court may order a

 

term of imprisonment imposed under this subsection to be served

 

consecutively to a term of imprisonment for any other conduct

 

committed by the person while violating this subsection that

 

constitutes a felony.

 

     (2) As used in this section:

 

     (a) "Gang" means a formal or informal organization,

 

association, or group of 3 or more persons having as 1 of its

 

primary activities the commission of 1 or more criminal acts that

 

are felonies, having a common name or identifying sign or symbol or

 

whose members or associates individually or collectively engage in


or have been engaged in a pattern of criminal activity constituting

 

1 or more felonies.

 

     (b) "Gang member" means a person who meets at least 3 of the

 

following criteria:

 

     (i) Admits to gang membership either verbally, through social

 

networking, or in other correspondence.

 

     (ii) Is identified as a gang member by a parent or guardian.

 

     (iii) Is identified as a gang member by a documented reliable

 

informant.

 

     (iv) Adopts the style of dress of a gang.

 

     (v) Adopts the use of a hand sign or hand signal identified as

 

used by a gang.

 

     (vi) Has a tattoo identified as used by a gang.

 

     (vii) Associates with 1 or more known gang members.

 

     (viii) Is identified as a gang member by an informant of

 

previously untested reliability if that identification is

 

corroborated by independent information.

 

     (ix) Is identified as a gang member by physical evidence that

 

is not limited to personal items bearing specific gang tagging. For

 

purposes of this subparagraph, "tagging" means placing an

 

identifying mark on any item for the purpose of showing gang

 

identification or affiliation, including through the use of

 

graffiti. Tagged items include those found in an individual's

 

living area and public and private property that is marked to show

 

gang ownership of a particular area or to mark territory.

 

     (x) Is observed in the company of 1 or more known gang members

 

on 4 or more occasions. Observation in a custodial setting under


this subparagraph requires the exhibition of willful association.

 

It is the intent of the legislature to allow this criterion to be

 

used to identify gang members who recruit and organize in jails,

 

prisons, and other detention settings.

 

     (xi) Authors any communication indicating responsibility for

 

the commission of any crime by the criminal gang.

 

     (xii) Indicates gang membership, including through self-

 

publication using social media.

 

     (xiii) Is arrested more than once in the company of identified

 

gang members who act in a manner consistent with usual gang

 

activity.

 

     (xiv) Is stopped in the company of known gang members on 3 or

 

more occasions.

 

     (c) "Pattern of criminal activity" means 1 or more of the

 

following:

 

     (i) The conviction of 1 or more members of a gang for the

 

commission, attempted commission, or solicitation to commit 2 or

 

more felony offenses.

 

     (ii) The conviction of 1 or more members of a gang for the

 

commission, attempted commission, or solicitation to commit 2 or

 

more violent misdemeanor offenses.

 

     (iii) The conviction of 1 or more members of a gang of any

 

combination of any offenses described in subparagraphs (i) and

 

(ii).

 

     (d) "Violent misdemeanor offense" means 1 or more of the

 

following:

 

     (i) An assaultive offense.


     (ii) Any offense in which a weapon is used in the commission

 

of the offense.

 

     (iii) Any domestic abuse offense.

 

     (iv) Any criminal sexual conduct offense.

 

     Enacting section 1. This amendatory act takes effect 90 days

 

after the date it is enacted into law.

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