Bill Text: HI HB790 | 2018 | Regular Session | Amended
Bill Title: Relating To Environmental Protection.
Spectrum: Moderate Partisan Bill (Democrat 7-1)
Status: (Introduced - Dead) 2017-11-30 - Carried over to 2018 Regular Session. [HB790 Detail]
Download: Hawaii-2018-HB790-Amended.html
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HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES |
H.B. NO. |
790 |
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TWENTY-NINTH LEGISLATURE, 2017 |
H.D. 3 |
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STATE OF HAWAII |
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A BILL FOR AN ACT
RELATING TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF HAWAII:
SECTION 1. The legislature finds that a significant amount of pesticides and insecticides continue to be released into Hawaii's fragile environment which poses significant health risks to our residents, particularly our Keiki O Ka ‘Aina. When used properly, pesticides can protect plants or homes from damage. But, when the label instructions are not followed correctly, plant injury may occur, pests may not be controlled, health may be impaired, and pesticides may contribute to soil, air, or water pollution.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency classifies pesticides as restricted use pesticides if they are determined to cause "unreasonable adverse effects on the environment" when used "without additional regulatory restrictions." The legislature also finds that information pertaining to the use of pesticides, including intensive use, within the State is not readily available to the public.
In 2013, the department of agriculture began the Kauai agricultural good neighbor program to collect and publish information regarding outdoor usage of restricted use pesticides by commercial agricultural operations in the county of Kauai. Similar programs do not exist for the other counties or political subdivisions in the State. Moreover, the information collected is completely voluntary, is unverified, and is only published on the department's website months after the reported pesticide applications. As a result, the public is unable to evaluate the full extent of any impacts accruing to Hawaii's environment or its residents and to decide whether the risks associated with the agricultural use of such pesticides across the State is acceptable.
The legislature further finds that the State currently does not have an adequate regulatory structure in place to monitor the human health impacts of pesticide drift near sensitive populations. Pesticides may volatilize, or change from a solid or liquid state into a vapor state, into the lower atmosphere for days, weeks, or months after the application. Accordingly, drift from pesticides may have lingering effects on the environment long after the initial exposure. The direct, indirect, and cumulative impacts on the environment and public health related to long-term intensive use of pesticides has yet to be properly or independently evaluated.
The study entitled, "Pesticide Use by Large Agribusinesses on Kaua‘i," published by the independent Joint Fact Finding (JFF) Study Group and issued in May 2016, confirms that the State lacks sufficient data on pesticide use and human and environmental exposure. The JFF Study Group recommended the good neighbor program be made mandatory, and that its implementation be expanded statewide.
The legislature finds that Hawaii's children, elderly, other sensitive residents, and animals have no choice but to live, work, and commute daily in close proximity to areas where pesticides and insecticides are being sprayed. Children can be exposed to pesticides and insecticides applied on school grounds, pesticides and insecticides that drift onto school grounds, or pesticide and insecticide residue. One key concern is that restricted use pesticides such as chlorpyrifos, which scientists have definitively linked to developmental delays in children, and other toxic exposure to pesticides during fetal, neonatal, and infant life will disrupt critical development processes. Life-long pesticide exposure for those living in exposed areas has been linked to long-term health effects, including cancer and other serious diseases, decreased cognitive function, and behavioral problems.
Pesticides usually contain more than one ingredient, and each may have a different toxicity level. While the Environmental Protection Agency continues to improve regulations regarding the use of pesticides, problems continue to be reported. In December 2013, the European Union health authorities issued a warning that two products from commonly used pesticides, neonicotinoids and imidacloprids, may be toxic to the developing human brain and should be more strictly controlled to reduce exposure to the public.
In 2009 and 2010, multiple studies were conducted by Dana Boyd Barr and other environmental health researchers on the human health threats of pyrethroids. According to these studies, this class of pesticides, previously thought to be safe, also poses a significant environmental and health risk, particularly to neurological, immune, and reproductive systems. While approximately seventy per cent of people in the United States have been exposed to pyrethroids, children face the highest exposure as they spend more time, and take part in more activities that occur, on the ground.
Furthermore, a 2014 study led by University of California at Davis researchers showed that pyrethroid exposure is increasing, with the pesticide being found in two-thirds of adults and children residing in homes that were tested.
Additionally, pyrethroid use is rapidly growing in the United States due to the ever increasing restrictions being placed on the use of more commonly found pesticides such as chlorpyrifos. In California, pyrethroid use increased fifty-eight per cent in a one-year period after the 2001 federally mandated phase-out of insecticides, such as chlorpyrifos and diazinon.
Moreover, contamination run-off flows into oceans, streams, and other water sources which may adversely affect fish, aquatic organisms, and marine life. Lethal amounts of pyrethroid were found in sediments in the bottom of rivers and streams in the Central Valley area of California. Scientists determined that about one-fifth of the sediment samples killed organisms at an elevated rate due to the presence of pyrethroids. Hawaii's fragile ecosystem requires that we, as stewards, love the land and care for it righteously.
The purpose of this Act is to protect the State's environment and residents from the unintended impacts of pesticide and insecticide use by implementing the recommendation of the JFF Study Group's report that the good neighbor program be revised and expanded to all persons and entities by:
(1) Making the reporting guidelines of the Kauai agricultural good neighbor program mandatory for restricted pesticide and insecticide use across the State; and
(2) Establishing disclosure and public notification requirements for outdoor applications of pesticides and insecticides in, as well as in proximity to, schools, healthcare facilities, institutions of higher learning, childcare and eldercare facilities, and other environmentally sensitive areas.
SECTION 2. Chapter 149A, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended by adding a new part to be appropriately designated and to read as follows:
"Part . PESTICIDE MANDATORY DISCLOSURE
§149A-A Definitions. As used in this part:
"Adult residential care home" means an adult residential care home, as defined in section 321-15.1, that is licensed by the State.
"Ahupuaa" shall have the same meaning as in section 226-2.
"Assisted living facility" means an assisted living facility as defined in section 321-15.1 that is licensed by the State.
"Child care facility" means a child care facility, as defined in section 346-151, that is licensed by the State.
"Commercial agricultural entity" means any individual, partnership, association, corporation, limited liability company, or organized group of persons, regardless of whether incorporated, that is engaged in commercial agricultural production.
"Commercial agricultural production" means:
(1) Commercial production of any seed, crop, plant, timber, livestock, poultry, fish, bees, or apiary products; or
(2) Testing or experimental production of any seed, crop, plant, timber, livestock, poultry, fish, bees, or apiary products.
"Commercial agricultural production area" means real properties and areas owned, leased, or otherwise operated or controlled and used by a commercial agricultural entity for commercial agricultural production.
"Early childhood education and care facility" means any property licensed by the State for the care and instruction of children from birth to age five.
"Expanded adult residential care home" means an expanded adult residential care home, as defined in section 321-15.1, that is licensed by the State.
"Experimental use pesticide" means a pesticide whose use is authorized by an experimental use permit by either the EPA or the department.
"Extended care adult residential care home" shall have the same meaning as in section 323D-2.
"Family child care home" means a family child care home, as defined in section 346-151, that is licensed by the State.
"Group child care center" means a group child care center, as defined in section 346-151, that is licensed by the State.
"Group child care home" means a group child care home, as defined in section 346-151, that is licensed by the State.
"Health" includes physical and mental health.
"Hospice home" shall have the same meaning as in section 321-15.1.
"Hospital" includes all health care facilities pursuant to section 323D-2.
"Insecticide" means chlorpyrifos, imidacloprids, neonicotinoids, pyrethroids, or any combination thereof, intended for preventing, destroying, repelling or mitigating any insects which may be present in any environment.
"Outdoor application" means an application of a pesticide made outside of a building or enclosed structure. The term excludes indoor applications of pesticides and insecticides.
"Person" means an individual, corporation, organization, governmental entity, or other legal entity.
"Primary care clinic" means a primary care clinic, as defined in section 323D-2, that is licensed by the State.
"School" means an academic institution, including a public school, department school, and charter school, as those terms are defined in section 302A-101, early education institution, or private school licensed by the State and institution of higher education, as defined in section 346-16.
"School grounds" means:
(1) Land associated with any school, child care facility, early childhood education and care facility, family child care home, group child care center, or group child care home, including playgrounds, athletic fields, and agricultural fields used by students or staff of these entities; and
(2) Any other outdoor area used by students or staff of a school that is under the control or operation of any school, child care facility, early childhood education and care facility, family child care home, group child care center, or group child care home.
"Sensitive area" includes any:
(1) School, school grounds, hospital, adult residential care home, assisted living facility, child care facility, early childhood education and care facility, family child care home, group child care center, group child care home, hospice home, extended care adult residential care home, expanded adult residential care home, health care facility, and primary care clinic; and
(2) Shoreline, watershed, and bodies of perennial waters.
"Shoreline" shall have the same meaning as in section 205A‑1.
"Watershed" means an area:
(1) From which the domestic water supply of any city, town, or community is or may be obtained; or
(2) Where water infiltrates into artesian or other ground-water areas from which the domestic water supply of any city, town, or community is or may be obtained,
as determined by the department of land and natural resources pursuant to section 183-31.
§149A-B Mandatory disclosure and notification of outdoor pesticide and insecticide use on affected grounds. Effective one year following the effective date of Act , Session Laws of Hawaii 2017, any person or commercial agriculture entity that uses or purchases in excess of ten pounds or ten gallons of restricted use pesticides or insecticides during the prior calendar year shall disclose the use of all insecticides or pesticides, including restricted use, general use, and experimental use pesticides, as follows:
(1) Public posting of pesticide or insecticide outdoor application. At a minimum of twenty-four hours prior to the outdoor application of any pesticide or insecticide on affected grounds, each entity subject to this section shall post public warning signs in the area in which pesticides or insecticides are to be applied, in the manner prescribed by section 149A‑C;
(2) Notification to parents and guardians, and occupants and residents of sensitive areas. At a minimum of twenty-four hours prior to the outdoor application of any pesticide or insecticide on affected grounds, each entity subject to this section shall provide written notification in the manner prescribed by section 149A-C to:
(A) The parents or guardians of a child attending a school, a child care facility, early childhood education and care facility, family child care home, group child care center, or group child care home;
(B) An adult student attending a school, a child care facility, early childhood education and care facility, family child care home, group child care center, group child care home, or an institution of higher education;
(C) A patient of a hospital, adult residential care home, assisted living facility, child care facility, early childhood education and care facility, family child care home, group child care center, group child care home, hospice home, extended care adult residential care home, expanded adult residential care home, health care facility, and primary care clinic; or
(D) Any property owner, lessee, or person otherwise occupying any residential property within eight hundred feet of the property line of the entity where any pesticide or insecticide is anticipated to be applied outdoors; and
(3) Recordkeeping and annual public disclosure. No later than sixty days following the end of each calendar year, each entity subject to this section shall provide to the department annual public reports of all pesticides used in outdoor applications during the preceding calendar year. The annual reports shall comply with the requirements of section 149A-D.
§149A-C Public warning signs; written notifications; contents. (a) Any public warning sign required to be posted under section 149A-B shall remain posted during the outdoor application of any pesticide or insecticide and until expiration of the applicable restricted-entry interval established by the EPA for the particular pesticide or insecticide. The posting of a warning sign during and after the outdoor application of any pesticide or insecticide shall conform to the worker protection standard established by the EPA.
(b) The department shall adopt rules pursuant to chapter 91 requiring that all warning signs posted, and written notifications provided, pursuant to section 149A-B include the following information:
(1) The trade name of the pesticides or insecticides to be applied;
(2) The names of the active ingredients of the pesticides or insecticides to be applied;
(3) The potential hazards to humans and domestic animals, as listed in the precautionary statements of the pesticide's or insecticide's label;
(4) Emergency telephone numbers to call in case of poisoning from the pesticides or insecticides; and
(5) Any other related information the department deems appropriate.
§149A-D Public reports; contents. The department shall adopt rules, pursuant to chapter 91, requiring that public annual reports required under section 149A-B include the following information:
(1) A listing of all pesticides and insecticides used in outdoor applications by federal and state registrations or permit numbers, commercial product names, and active ingredients;
(2) The total quantities used for each pesticide and insecticide; and
(3) A general description of the geographic location, including at minimum the tax map key number and ahupuaa, where the pesticides and insecticides were used.
§149A-E Penalties and citizen suits. (a) The department may bring an action in a court of competent jurisdiction to enjoin any person or entity from violating this part.
(b) The department may assess a fine for any violation of this part, as follows:
(1) $ for a first violation;
(2) $ for a second violation; and
(3) $ for a third or subsequent violation.
Each day of violation shall be considered a separate violation.
(c) Any injured citizen of the State who acts in the public interest, at least ninety after first giving notice of the alleged violation to the department and the alleged violator, may bring an action to enjoin violation of this part in any court of competent jurisdiction. The court may award to a prevailing plaintiff reasonable costs and attorney's fees incurred in investigating and prosecuting an action to enforce this part. An award may not include monetary damages, but only fee and cost recovery.
§149A-F Authority of local government. Nothing in this part shall be construed to preempt or prohibit the authority of a unit of local government in the State, including counties and any other political subdivisions of the State, to regulate pesticide and insecticide disclosure, notification, and use, including the establishment of buffer zones against pesticides and insecticides, in a manner that is more stringent than, the provisions contained in this part.
§149A-G Rules. The department shall adopt rules pursuant to chapter 91 to implement this part; provided that the department may not establish exemptions not expressly authorized in this part."
SECTION 3. This Act does not affect rights and duties that matured, penalties that were incurred, and proceedings that were begun before its effective date.
SECTION 4. If any provision of this Act, or the application thereof to any person or circumstance, is held invalid, the invalidity does not affect other provisions or applications of the Act that can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this Act are severable.
SECTION 5. In codifying the new sections added by section 2 of this Act, the revisor of statutes shall substitute appropriate section numbers for the letters used in designating the new sections in this Act.
SECTION 6. This Act shall take effect on July 1, 2050.
Report Title:
Reporting of Pesticide Use; Large-scale Agricultural Operations
Description:
Establishes disclosure and public notification requirements for outdoor application of restricted use pesticides and insecticides in various sensitive areas. (HB790 HD3)
The summary description of legislation appearing on this page is for informational purposes only and is not legislation or evidence of legislative intent.
