Bill Text: CA SB735 | 2023-2024 | Regular Session | Amended
NOTE: There are more recent revisions of this legislation. Read Latest Draft
Bill Title: Motion picture productions: safety: firearms: ammunition.
Spectrum: Partisan Bill (Democrat 4-0)
Status: (Engrossed) 2023-06-01 - Referred to Com. on L. & E. [SB735 Detail]
Download: California-2023-SB735-Amended.html
An The Safety on Set Pilot Program is hereby established. Commencing July 1, 2025, until June 30, 2030, inclusive, an employer that receives a motion picture credit pursuant to Section 17053.98 or 23698 of the Revenue and Taxation Code shall hire or assign a qualified safety supervisor for all motion picture productions
advisor by the time the department heads start the preproduction process of planning for construction or high-risk activities to perform a risk assessment and, if required under this part, a specific risk assessment, to be completed in advance of principal photography of a feature, an episode of a series, or a program, and to be on set daily to ensure cast and
crew are not engaged in or exposed to an environment or activity that puts workers’ health and safety at risk. in collaboration and consultation with appropriate production personnel, including, but not limited to, department heads and those with specialized knowledge. There shall be a dedicated safety advisor present on every motion picture production. The safety advisor shall have the authority to determine which worksite is most appropriate to have a physical presence on when multiple production-related activities are taking place in multiple locations. ammunition containing gunpowder or other explosive charge shall only be permitted on motion picture productions, for the purposes of rehearsal, actor training, the filming of an on-camera sequence, or other development of content of the motion picture production with individuals of the cast performers or crew, under the following conditions:9154. film, television, and commercial sets, a motion picture production, except as follows: training. training, as determined by the committee. This training requirement shall be paid for by the employer and is not limited to crew or guild members.9159.
The division shall enforce this part.
(a) This part shall not prevent or limit employer adoption of stricter safety standards.
Bill Title: Motion picture productions: safety: firearms: ammunition.
Spectrum: Partisan Bill (Democrat 4-0)
Status: (Engrossed) 2023-06-01 - Referred to Com. on L. & E. [SB735 Detail]
Download: California-2023-SB735-Amended.html
|
Amended
IN
Senate
April 13, 2023 |
CALIFORNIA LEGISLATURE—
2023–2024 REGULAR SESSION
Senate Bill
No. 735
| Introduced by Senator Cortese (Coauthors: Senators Newman and Stern) |
February 17, 2023 |
An act to add Part 13 (commencing with Section 9150) to Division 5 of of, and to repeal Section 9152 of, the Labor Code, relating to occupational safety.
LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGEST
SB 735, as amended, Cortese.
Motion picture productions: safety: firearms: ammunition.
Existing law grants the Division of Occupational Safety and Health, which is within the Department of Industrial Relations, jurisdiction over all employment and places of employment, with the power necessary to enforce and administer all occupational health and safety laws and standards. The Occupational Safety and Health Standards Board, an independent entity within the department, has the exclusive authority to adopt occupational safety and health standards within the state. Existing law, the California Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1973, requires employers to comply with certain standards ensuring healthy and safe working conditions, as specified, and charges the division with enforcement of the act. Other existing law relating to occupational safety imposes special provisions on certain industries and charges the division with enforcement of these provisions.
This bill would establish the Safety on Set Pilot Program. The bill, commencing July 1, 2025, and until June 30, 2030, inclusive, would require a motion picture production an employer that receives a specified motion picture tax credit to hire or assign a qualified safety supervisor for all motion picture productions to perform a risk assessment to be completed in advance of principal photography of a feature, an episode of a series, or a program, and to be on set daily to ensure cast and crew are not engaged in or exposed to an environment or activity that puts workers’ health and safety at risk. The bill would also require an employer to hire a qualified safety supervisor to complete a specific risk assessment to be created and, if necessary, modified, if circumstances change or there is new information that would change the risk assessment.
advisor to perform a risk assessment and, if required under the bill, a specific risk assessment, as specified. The bill would require a dedicated safety advisor to be present on every motion picture production. The bill would establish requirements for risk assessments and specific risk assessments, including documentation. require assessments to be accessible to specified affected persons and safety advisor access to locations and relevant facilities and items to ensure safety. The bill would require production to conduct a daily safety meeting on set, meeting, including, but not limited to, a
safety meeting required when firearms are involved in a scene. The bill would require a safety supervisor advisor to participate in the safety meetings. meetings, as specified. The bill would require an employer to identify a person to ensure compliance with the bill and would require a safety supervisor to be present every day during production. for performers, crew, labor
organization representatives, and the division to contact for issues regarding compliance. The bill would require an employer to select an independent evaluator, as prescribed, to prepare a postproduction final safety evaluation report based on the actual risk and compliance experience. The bill would require the independent evaluator, within 60 days after postproduction, to provide its final safety evaluation report to the Industry-Wide Labor-Management Safety Committee. The bill would require the California Film Commission, in collaboration with the committee, on or before January 1, 2029, to provide a nonbinding set of recommendations to the Legislature as to whether the pilot program should be implemented on a permanent basis, and whether to extend its application to all motion picture productions in this state, whether participating in state motion picture tax credits or not. These pilot program provisions would be repealed as of January 1, 2031.
The
This bill would allow the use of a firearm and blank ammunition containing gunpowder or other explosive charge on motion picture productions only for specified purposes and under specified safety conditions. The bill would require a qualified armorer, property master, or designee property master, armorer, or assistant property master handling a firearm in the course of the motion picture production to have a specified state permit, to have completed certain training in firearms, and to have a specified federal document for the possession and custody of the firearm. The bill would require an employer to document and report any safety incident that occurs during a film or television production, as prescribed.
specifically impose prescribed reporting requirements on employers engaged in motion picture production. The bill would specifically authorize the division to investigate, inspect, and cite employers, as prescribed.
This bill would prohibit ammunition on film,
television, and commercial sets, a motion picture production, except in prescribed circumstances, subject to certain safety rules and laws. The bill would require an employer to ensure that any employee responsible for handling, or in proximity to, firearms on set completes a specific firearm training or equivalent training, as prescribed. The bill would require an employer to comply with the bill and any applicable safety standard. The bill would establish exemptions from its provisions for specified registered security guards and peace officers when they are on the perimeter of a set where motion picture production is happening.
This bill would require the division to enforce its provisions. The bill would establish civil penalties for specified violations. The bill
would define terms for its purposes. The bill’s provisions would become operative on January 1, 2025.
Digest Key
Vote: MAJORITY Appropriation: NO Fiscal Committee: YES Local Program: NOBill Text
The people of the State of California do enact as follows:
SECTION 1.
Part 13 (commencing with Section 9150) is added to Division 5 of the Labor Code, to read:PART 13. SAFETY IN MOTION PICTURE PRODUCTIONS
9150.
(a) The Legislature finds and declares the following:(1) All workers deserve a safe and healthy workplace. Because the sets of motion picture production sets are particularly challenging, as a result of the productions have a number and variety of potential hazards, proactive planning and oversight on the ground are key to ensuring safety.
(2) The
growing popularity of a diverse array of media platforms and reality television
and increased customer demand for new content and new production has only increased the need to ensure safety on sets.
(3) Ensuring the overall health and safety on motion picture production sets is especially critical for the safe handling of firearms.
(4)The introduction of a mandatory safety supervisor will ensure that overall safety on sets is a priority.
(5)
(4) The primary protections for the cast and crew in a motion picture production, including when firearms are used, are found in voluntary safety standards developed by the Industry-Wide Labor-Management Safety Committee for use in the motion picture and television industry. production.
(6)The safety standards in the firearm safety bulletins of the Industry-Wide Labor-Management Safety Committee are detailed recommendations for safety with firearms and the use of blanks and ammunition.
(7)Tragic incidents like the one that occurred on the set of “Rust” are preventable, but only when the safety measures are followed by trained, experienced, certified, and professional entertainment industry armorers hired by the employer to oversee the firearms used on a production.
(b)It is the intent of the Legislature, in enacting this part, to raise safety standards on sets and regulate ammunition, blanks, and firearms that are capable of firing ammunition or blanks.
(b) It is the intent of the Legislature to do the following:
(1) Establish a pilot program to address the implementation and oversight of safety practices and procedures in motion picture production.
(2) Mandate the employment of a safety advisor to ensure that the overall safety in production is safe and to complete detailed, script-specific general and, if applicable, specific risk assessments as part of this pilot.
(3) Establish training requirements and safety standards to ensure the safe handling of prop firearms and blanks in motion picture production in California.
(4) Prohibit, except in the most limited circumstances, the use of ammunition in motion picture production in
California.
(c) It is not the intent of the Legislature in enacting this part to do either of the following:
(1) Adversely impact the employment or retention of craft employees responsible for handling firearms used in motion picture productions.
(2) Preclude the use of firearms, firearms or replica, simulated, or inert prop firearms or to influence content in motion picture productions.
9151.
As used in this part:(a) “Ammunition” means one or more loaded cartridges consisting of a primed case, propellant, and with one or more projectiles. “Ammunition” does not include blanks.
(b) “Blank” means an ammunition a cartridge designed to be used in a firearm to, when fired, create an explosive sound, muzzle flash, or recoil, or to cycle the action of the firearm, but which
consisting of a primer cap, a shell case, and a quantity of gunpowder, but that does not contain a bullet or projectile that is expelled from the barrel when fired, although a paper or plastic wad may be expelled. projectile.
(c) “Division” means the Division of Occupational Safety and Health.
(d) “Employer” means an employer engaged in producing a motion picture production.
(e) “Firearm” means a device, designed to expel through a barrel a projectile by the force of an explosion or other form of combustion,
including the frame or receiver of the device. “Firearm” does not include a replica or simulated firearm or a special effects device.
(f) “Industry-Wide Labor-Management Safety Committee” or “committee” means the California group composed of union, guild, and employer representatives that establishes best practice safety guidelines for motion picture production and that meets regularly.
(f)
(g) “Motion picture production” means the development, creation, presentation, or broadcasting of theatrical, televised, or streamed motion picture, television program,
development or creation of motion pictures, television programs, streaming productions, commercial advertisements, music videos, or any other moving images, including, but not limited to, productions made for entertainment, commercial, religious, or educational purposes, whether these productions
are presented by means of film, tape, live broadcast, cable, satellite transmission, internet, or any other technology that is now in use or may be adopted in the future. purposes.
(g)
(h) “Risk assessment” is a detailed written review of a shooting script, specific event, or production plan. This risk assessment is developed during preproduction and shall cover the entire scope of the production, identifying potential risks and hazards in the workplace or to the public. This risk assessment shall include a description of the work that poses a potential risk, identify which employees are at risk, and determine the level of risk if no steps are taken.
script and production plan prepared in accordance with Section 9152.5.
(h)
(i) “Safety supervisor” advisor” means a person who works in tandem with, but independent of the cast
of, performers and crew and who is not employed for any other role on the project;
motion picture production; who reports to the unit production manager manager, or a person or persons having overall responsibility for the safety program, but retains autonomy when it comes to addressing risk on the ground, to address production-related risk, including, as a last resort, the authority to temporarily halt production until a thorough examination of the potential hazard or hazards and
the mitigation plan can take place among the decisionmakers on set;
productions; and who meets, at a minimum, all of meets the following qualifications:
(1)At least five years’ experience on set in the film and television industry.
(1) One of the following:
(A) At least two years’
experience primarily performing safety-related work in the entertainment industry as a department head, foreperson, or in a production safety position within motion picture production.
(B) At least 500 verifiable days in another crew position in motion picture production, so long as they possess an appropriate breadth of specialist knowledge, experience, and expertise aimed at minimizing risks to both performers and crew.
(C) Five or more years of safety-related work, where safety was a primary role and responsibility, in another industry, so long as they possess an appropriate breadth of specialist knowledge, experience, and expertise aimed at minimizing risks to
workers and the public.
(2) Completion of a joint labor and management training on industry protocols, state and federal law, and best practices on safety or equivalent accredited training. practices in motion picture production.
(3) Completion of a 30-hour training program authorized by the federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration
division (OSHA-30 training).
(4)Qualified in assessing and mitigating workplace risk in the entertainment industry.
(i)
(j) “Specific risk assessment” is focused on identified high-risk activities or situations. The specific risk assessment shall include detailed and specific risk mitigation plans to address any identified risks and hazards, spell out the precautions and controls to be taken to mitigate that risk, and reevaluate the level of risk assuming those controls are implemented. A specific risk assessment shall be performed for the use of firearms, major pyrotechnics and explosions, stunts, process moves, use of helicopters, trains, off-road vehicles, or boats, overhead rigging, rugged outdoor locations, inclement weather, atmospheric chemicals, animals, heights, intermittent traffic control, workweeks
more than 60 hours, and night shoots. means a specific risk assessment for identified high-risk activities or situations prepared in accordance with Section 9152.5.
9152.
(a)(b)An employer shall hire a qualified safety supervisor to complete a specific risk assessment to be created and, if necessary, modified, if circumstances change or there is new information that would change the risk assessment. It is not required that a specific risk assessment be complete by the start of principal photography.
(c)The safety supervisor shall make best efforts to ensure that the risk assessment and specific risk assessment, if required pursuant to subdivision (b), is detailed and accurate. The safety supervisor shall develop risk assessment and specific risk assessment documents in coordination and collaboration with the production department heads and other
subject matter experts on production. The safety supervisor shall be responsible for producing final written documents, which may be updated as circumstances change or there is new information. These documents shall be readily available to cast, crew, and labor organizations.
(b) Any specific risk assessment shall be revised if there are meaningful changes to the proposed activity or location that would change the specific risk assessment or mitigation plan.
(c) All risk assessments shall be accessible via electronic transmission, upon request, to performers, crew, and labor organization representatives.
(d) The safety advisor shall have access to, and the opportunity to inspect all locations, facilities, equipment, supplies, materials, and props to ensure the safety of the performers and crew members.
(d)
(e) Production shall conduct a daily safety meeting on set, meeting, including, but not limited to, the meeting required in paragraph (4) of subdivision (a) of
Section 9153. The safety supervisor
advisor shall participate in the safety meetings.
(f) The safety advisor shall participate in daily safety meetings when occurring at the safety advisor’s selected worksite or worksites, if there are multiple production-related activities taking place in multiple locations.
(e)
(g) The employer shall identify a person to ensure compliance with this part. The safety supervisor shall be present every day during production.
for performers, crew, labor organization representatives, and the division to contact for issues regarding compliance.
(h) The employer shall select an independent evaluator, from a qualified list of evaluators established by the California Film Commission in collaboration with the Industry-Wide Labor-Management Safety Committee, to prepare a postproduction final safety evaluation report based on the actual risk and compliance experience, as set forth in subdivisions (a) to (e), inclusive. Within 60 days after postproduction, the independent evaluator shall provide its final safety evaluation report to the Industry-Wide Labor-Management Safety Committee.
(i) (1) On or before January 1, 2029, the California Film Commission, in collaboration with the Industry-Wide Labor-Management Safety Committee, shall provide a nonbinding set of recommendations to the Legislature as to whether the pilot program should be implemented on a permanent basis, and whether to extend its application to all motion picture productions in this state, whether participating in state motion picture tax credits or not.
(2) The report submitted pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be submitted in compliance with Section 9795 of the Government Code.
(j) This section shall remain in effect only until January
1, 2031, and as of that date is repealed.
9152.5.
Risk assessments shall be performed in accordance with the following:(a) A risk assessment shall be written and shall be a script and production plan that identifies and evaluates preproduction and production activity or production locations that may pose a reasonable risk and hazard to employees and sets forth a mitigation plan of those risks and hazards. Department heads and those with specialized knowledge shall be involved in creating a plan to mitigate risk. The process for developing the risk assessment shall commence once the department heads start preproduction planning for construction or high-risk activities.
(b) A specific risk assessment shall be written and shall comply with the
following:
(1) Be focused on identified high-risk activities or situations.
(2) Include detailed and specific risk mitigation plans and procedures to identify and evaluate workplace hazards that have an elevated risk factor or factors or a combination of multiple risk factors.
(3) Spell out the precautions and controls to be taken to mitigate that risk and reevaluate the level of risk assuming those controls are implemented or if no steps are taken.
(4) Identify the group of employees affected by the assessed risk.
(c) A specific risk assessment shall be performed for the use of the following:
(1) Firearms.
(2) Major pyrotechnics and explosives.
(3) Major stunts.
(4) Process shot moves.
(5) Helicopters or trains.
(6) Vehicles off road.
(7) Watercraft in open water.
(8) Workweeks of 60 hours or more.
(d) A safety advisor shall have the authority to determine if, and when, a specific risk assessment is necessary for both on and off set activities and situations, including the following:
(1) Overhead rigging.
(2) Rugged outdoor locations.
(3) Inclement weather.
(4) Animals.
(5) Heights.
(6) Intermittent traffic control.
(7) Night shoots.
(8) Other high-risk activities or situations as identified by the safety advisor.
9153.
(a) A firearm and blank(1) Under the custody and control of a qualified armorer, property master, or designee, as specified. property master, armorer, or assistant property master.
(2) While handling the firearm, the armorer or the property master, if acting as armorer, property master, armorer, or assistant property master is the only person who can hand that firearm to the performer or cast or crew member standing in for that performer during the scene. Only the armorer or property master
property master, armorer, or assistant property master shall collect the firearm upon completion of the activity.
(3) An armorer, property master, or designee, A property master, armorer, or assistant property master shall have no other duties, responsibilities, or obligations during the time the armorer, property master, or designee property master, armorer, or assistant property master is preparing for the use of a firearm and that a firearm is in the possession of the performer. It
remains their sole responsibility until firearms are no longer in use and have been locked away.
(4) As indicated in safety bulletins of the Industry-Wide Labor-Management Safety Committee, a safety meeting shall be conducted when firearms are involved in a scene.
(5) The employer shall identify a person to
ensure compliance with this part. for performers, crew, labor organization representatives, and the division to contact for issues regarding compliance.
(6) The employer has ensured sufficient staffing of qualified armorers, property masters, or designees, as specified, property masters, armorers, or assistant property masters, reflective of the amount of firearm use in any particular scene. scene risk assessment.
(b) A qualified armorer, property master, or designee property master, armorer, or assistant property master handling a firearm in the course of the motion picture production shall have all of the following:
(1) A current entertainment firearms permit or current dangerous weapons permit or license issued by the California Department of Justice.
(2) A joint entertainment industry labor-management firearm safety
industry-specific training course certificate or equivalent recognized by the entertainment industry. with training on industry protocols, state and federal law, and best practices on safety.
(3) One of the following:
(A) A signed rental sheet or copy of a completed Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives “ATF Form 4473,” stating the lawful transfer of Title 1 Firearms to that armorer or property master, property
master, armorer, or assistant property master or a copy of a current Federal Firearms License (FFL) establishing the armorer or property master property master, armorer, or assistant property master as the lawful possessor of the firearms who may obtain and retain custody of all firearms used in film, television, and commercial motion picture productions.
(B) In the event of the use of restricted firearms classified under the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives National Firearms
Act Division (ATF NFA) rules, and including “assault weapons,” as defined by California law, a set of current dangerous weapons permits issued by the Department of Justice, or in the absence of such permits, a clearly dated extension letter for 120 days from the Department of Justice Bureau of Firearms permitting the armorer or property master property master, armorer, or assistant property master to continue their activities with restricted firearms, and a signed rental sheet from the federally licensed armory providing the firearms, or a current FFL and
current ATF Special Occupational Tax Stamp establishing lawful possession of restricted firearms by that armorer or property master must property master, armorer, or assistant property master shall be presented for the armorer or property master property master, armorer, or assistant property master to obtain and retain custody of NFA firearms. In such a case, the dangerous weapons permits issued by the Department of Justice shall supersede the entertainment firearms permit.
The employer shall document and report in accordance with this section any safety incident that occurs during a film or television production in accordance with division safety incident reporting requirements and in consultation with experts, regardless of whether the incident results in injury. The employer shall submit the report to the motion picture production safety department, the safety supervisor, and any bona fide labor organization representing workers at the production. The employer shall also notify the division of the incident and the notice shall contain the same information as would be required in an incident report in a Cal/OSHA Form 300 injury and illness log, unless the information is inapplicable or unknown to the employer.
9154.
(a) Employers engaged in motion picture production shall report to the division any serious injury or illness, or death, of an employee occurring in a place of employment or in connection with any employment pursuant to Section 342 of Title 8 of the California Code of Regulations. Pursuant to Section 6309, if the division learns or has reason to believe that an employment or place of employment is not safe or is injurious to the welfare of an employee, the division, on its own motion or upon complaint, may summarily investigate the employment or place of employment. Every inspection conducted by the division shall include an evaluation of the employer’s injury prevention program established pursuant to Section 6401.7 and any risk assessment for those participating in the pilot established pursuant to Section 9151.(b) Pursuant to Sections 6314 and 6317, if, upon inspection or investigation, the division determines that an employer has violated any standard, rule, order, regulation or these provisions, the division may with reasonable promptness issue a citation to the employer.
9155.
(a) Ammunition shall not be permitted on(1) In the controlled and supervised environment of a shooting range or equivalent and for the purposes of actor training or postproduction gunfire sound recording, a documentary, except reenactments, or firearms education.
(2) While filming a show, Where
ammunition is essential to the subject matter of which is actual gunfire or where actual gunfire is essential to the subject matter of the work, such as a competitive reality show, a documentary, except dramatic reenactments, or a firearms education and safety training production.
(3) While filming footage of trained military or police personnel firing weapons in a controlled military or police facility.
(b) In the exceptions set forth in subdivision (a), all range safety rules, federal, state, and local laws, and Industry-Wide Labor-Management Safety Committee Safety Bulletin
Bulletins #1 and #2 shall be followed under the supervision of the armorer, property master, or designee. A medic also shall be present. property master, armorer, or qualified assistant property master. Appropriate medical personnel shall be available.
9156.
Every employer shall ensure that any employee responsible for handling, or in proximity to, firearms on set completes the Contract Services Administration Trust Fund (CSATF) Firearms Safety Course for the Entertainment Industry, or an equivalent9157.
An employer shall comply with this part and any applicable safety standard.9158.
This part does not apply to the following persons when they are on the perimeter of a set where motion picture production is happening:(a) A registered security guard carrying a firearm in compliance with security guard firearms qualifications established in Sections 7583.2 to 7583.5, inclusive, of the Business and Professions Code, who is employed to provide security to the motion picture production and who, in the scope and the course of that employment, is at all times in possession and control of the firearm.
(b) A sworn peace officer, as defined in Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 830) of Title 3 of Part 2 of the Penal Code,
or sworn federal law enforcement officer, who is authorized to carry a firearm in the course and scope of the officer’s duties and who, in the scope and the course of their duties, is at all times in possession and control of the firearm.
(a)Any employer who violates Section 9152, 9153, 9155, or 9156, and the violation is specifically determined not to be of a serious nature, shall be assessed a civil penalty of up to thirteen thousand two hundred seventy-seven dollars ($13,277) for each violation.
(b)Any employer who violates Section 9153, if the division determines the violation to be a serious violation pursuant to Section 6432, shall be assessed a civil penalty of up to twenty-five thousand dollars ($25,000) for each violation.
(c)Any employer who willfully or repeatedly violates Section 9153 shall be assessed a civil penalty of up to
one hundred thirty-two thousand seven hundred sixty-five dollars ($132,765)
for each violation.
(d)Any employer who fails to correct a violation of Section 9153, within the period permitted for its correction, shall be assessed a civil penalty of up to twenty-five thousand dollars ($25,000) for each violation for each day during which the failure or violation continues.
(e)Commencing January 1, 2023, and each January 1 thereafter, the maximum penalty amounts specified in this section shall be increased based on the percentage increase in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), not seasonally adjusted, for the month of October immediately preceding the date of the adjustment, as compared to the prior year’s October CPI-U. Any regulation issued pursuant to this section increasing penalty amounts based on the
annual increase in the CPI-U shall be exempt from the rulemaking provisions of the Administrative Procedure Act (Chapter 3.5 (commencing with Section 11340) of Part 1 of Division 3 of Title 2 of the Government Code), except that the regulation shall be filed with the Office of Administrative Law for publication in the California Code of Regulations. Any penalty shall be calculated using the penalty amounts in effect during the calendar year in which the citation was issued.
(f)Nothing in this section shall limit, supersede, or eliminate any criminal or civil liability provided under any local, state, or federal law.
9160. 9159.
The division shall enforce this part.9161. 9160.
(a) This part shall not prevent or limit employer adoption of stricter safety standards.(b) Nothing in this section shall limit, supersede, or eliminate any criminal or civil liability provided under any local, state, or federal law.
