Bill Text: TX SB31 | 2025-2026 | 89th Legislature | Enrolled

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Bill Title: Relating to exceptions to otherwise prohibited abortions based on a physician's reasonable medical judgment.

Sponsorship: Broadly Bipartisan Bill

Status: (Passed) 2025-06-20 - Effective immediately [SB31 Detail]

Download: Texas-2025-SB31-Enrolled.html

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S.B. No. 31

AN ACT
relating to exceptions to otherwise prohibited abortions based on a
physician's reasonable medical judgment.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:
SECTION 1. This Act may be cited as the Life of the Mother
Act.
SECTION 2. Amend Section 74.551, Civil Practice and
Remedies Code, to read as follows:
Sec. 74.551. APPLICATION. [An action to which Section
74.552 applies] A civil action brought against a physician or
health care provider for a violation of a provision of Chapter 170,
170A, or 171, Health and Safety Code, subject to an exception
provided by the chapter alleged to have been violated or other law,
is a health care liability claim [for purposes of this chapter] and
is subject to the same requirements as any other health care
liability claim. This section does not affect a health care
liability claim based on any other ground than a violation of
Chapters 170, 170A, or 171, Health and Safety Code.
SECTION 3. Section 170A.002, Health and Safety Code, is
amended by amending Subsection (b) and adding Subsections (c-1) and
(c-2) to read as follows:
(b) [The prohibition under] It is an exception to the
application of Subsection (a) that [does not apply if]:
(1) the person performing, inducing, or attempting the
abortion is a licensed physician; and
(2) in the exercise of reasonable medical judgment,
the pregnant female on whom the abortion is performed, induced, or
attempted has a life-threatening physical condition aggravated by,
caused by, or arising from a pregnancy that places the female at
risk of death or poses a serious risk of substantial impairment of a
major bodily function unless the abortion is performed or induced[;
and
[(3) the person performs, induces, or attempts the
abortion in a manner that, in the exercise of reasonable medical
judgment, provides the best opportunity for the unborn child to
survive unless, in the reasonable medical judgment, that manner
would create:
[(A) a greater risk of the pregnant female's
death; or
[(B) a serious risk of substantial impairment of
a major bodily function of the pregnant female].
(c-1) For purposes of Subsection (b)(2), if a pregnant woman
has a life-threatening physical condition described by Subsection
(b)(2), a physician may address a risk described by Subsection
(b)(2) before the pregnant female suffers any effects of the risk.
Subsection (b)(2) does not require that, before the physician may
act:
(1) a risk described by Subsection (b)(2) be imminent;
(2) the pregnant female first suffer physical
impairment; or
(3) the physical condition has caused damage to the
pregnant female.
(c-2) For the purposes of Subsection (b)(2),
"life-threatening" means capable of causing death or potentially
fatal. A life-threatening physical condition is not necessarily
one actively injuring the patient.
SECTION 4. Chapter 170A, Health and Safety Code, is amended
by adding Sections 170A.0021, 170A.0022, and 170A.0023 to read as
follows:
Sec. 170A.0021. TREATMENT AFFECTING UNBORN CHILD;
EXCEPTION. (a) Notwithstanding any other law, a physician who
treats a condition described by Subsection 170A.002(b)(2) shall do
so in a manner that, in the exercise of reasonable medical judgment,
provides the best opportunity for survival of an unborn child.
(b) It is an exception to the application of Subsection (a)
that, in a physician's reasonable medical judgment, the manner of
treatment required by that subsection would create a greater risk
of:
(1) the pregnant female's death; or
(2) substantial impairment of a major bodily function
of the pregnant female.
(c) This chapter does not require a physician to delay,
alter, or withhold medical treatment provided to a pregnant female
if doing so would create a greater risk of:
(1) the pregnant female's death; or
(2) substantial impairment of a major bodily function
of the pregnant female.
(d) Nothing in Subsection (c) authorizes the performance of
an abortion that is prohibited by law.
Sec. 170A.0022. REASONABLE MEDICAL JUDGMENT. Reasonable
medical judgment in providing medical treatment to a pregnant
female includes removing:
(1) an ectopic pregnancy as defined by Section
245.002(4-a); and
(2) a dead, unborn child whose death was caused by
spontaneous abortion.
Sec. 170A.0023. ACCIDENTAL OR UNINTENTIONAL DEATH. (a)
This section applies to any law that provides an exception to an
otherwise prohibited abortion based on a condition described by
Section 170A.002(b)(2).
(b) It is an exception to the application of each law
described by Subsection (a) that the death or injury of an unborn
child resulted from treatment provided to a pregnant female based
on a physician's reasonable medical judgment if the death of or
injury to the unborn child was accidental or unintentional.
SECTION 5. Section 171.002(3), Health and Safety Code, is
amended to read as follows:
(3) "Medical emergency" means a condition described by
Section 170A.002(b)(2) [means a life-threatening physical
condition aggravated by, caused by, or arising from a pregnancy
that, as certified by a physician, places the woman in danger of
death or a serious risk of substantial impairment of a major bodily
function unless an abortion is performed].
SECTION 6. Sections 171.046(a) and (b), Health and Safety
Code, are amended to read as follows:
(a) The prohibitions and requirements under Sections
171.043, 171.044, and 171.045(b) do not apply to an abortion
performed if [there exists a condition that], in the physician's
reasonable medical judgment, the abortion is necessary due to a
medical emergency and [so complicates the medical condition of the
woman that, to avert the woman's death or a serious risk of
substantial and irreversible physical impairment of a major bodily
function, other than a psychological condition, it] necessitates,
as applicable:
(1) the immediate abortion of her pregnancy without the
delay necessary to determine the probable post-fertilization age of
the unborn child;
(2) the abortion of her pregnancy even though the
post-fertilization age of the unborn child is 20 or more weeks; or
(3) the use of a method of abortion other than a method
described by Section 171.045(b).
(b) A physician may not take an action authorized under
Subsection (a) if the medical emergency [risk of death or a
substantial and irreversible physical impairment of a major bodily
function] arises from a claim or diagnosis that the woman will
engage in conduct that may result in her death or in substantial and
irreversible physical impairment of a major bodily function.
SECTION 7. Section 171.063(c), Health and Safety Code, is
amended to read as follows:
(c) Before the physician provides an abortion-inducing drug,
the physician must:
(1) examine the pregnant woman in person;
(2) independently verify that a pregnancy exists;
(3) document, in the woman's medical record, the
gestational age and [intrauterine] location of the pregnancy to
determine whether an ectopic pregnancy exists as defined by Section
245.002(4-a);
(4) determine the pregnant woman's blood type, and for
a woman who is Rh negative, offer to administer Rh immunoglobulin
(RhoGAM) at the time the abortion-inducing drug is administered or
used or the abortion is performed or induced to prevent Rh
incompatibility, complications, or miscarriage in future
pregnancies;
(5) document whether the pregnant woman received
treatment for Rh negativity, as diagnosed by the most accurate
standard of medical care; and
(6) ensure the physician does not provide an
abortion-inducing drug for a pregnant woman whose pregnancy is more
than 49 days of gestational age.
SECTION 8. Subchapter H, Chapter 171, Health and Safety
Code, is amended by adding Section 171.2011 to read as follows:
Sec. 171.2011. APPLICABILITY. (a) This subchapter
applies only to an abortion that is otherwise prohibited by law and
that is not subject to an exception provided by law.
(b) The following activities do not constitute aiding or
abetting under this subchapter:
(1) providing services by a physician or health care
provider to a treating physician, or communication between a
physician or health care provider and a treating physician, for the
purposes of arriving at a reasonable medical judgment as required
by an exception to an otherwise prohibited abortion;
(2) communicating between a physician or health care
provider and a patient, or providing services by a physician or
health care provider to a patient, for the purpose of arriving at
reasonable medical judgment as required by an exception to an
otherwise prohibited abortion;
(3) communicating between an attorney and a physician
or health care provider related to an exception to an otherwise
prohibited abortion;
(4) communicating between a treating physician and any
other person or providing services to a treating physician or
patient relating to performing, inducing, or attempting an abortion
for which the treating physician has determined that, in reasonable
medical judgment, an exception to an otherwise prohibited abortion
is applicable; and
(5) providing products to a patient or treating
physician relating to performing, inducing, or attempting an
abortion for which the treating physician has determined that, in
reasonable medical judgment, an exception to an otherwise
prohibited abortion is applicable.
SECTION 9. Amend Section 245.002(4-a), Health and Safety
Code, to read as follows:
(4-a) "Ectopic pregnancy" means the implantation of a
fertilized egg or embryo:
(A) outside of the uterus; or
(B) in an abnormal location in the uterus, or in a
scarred portion of the uterus, causing the pregnancy to be
non-viable.
SECTION 10. Amend Section 245.016, Health and Safety Code,
to read as follows:
Sec. 245.016. ABORTION IN UNLICENSED ABORTION FACILITY TO
PREVENT DEATH OR SERIOUS IMPAIRMENT. It is an exception to the
application of Section 245.014 that the abortion was performed in
an unlicensed abortion facility due to a medical emergency
described by Section 170A.002(b)(2) [This chapter does not remove
the responsibility or limit the ability of a physician to perform an
abortion in an unlicensed abortion facility if, at the commencement
of the abortion, the physician reasonably believes that the
abortion is necessary to prevent the death of the patient or to
prevent serious impairment of the patient's physical health]. In
this section, the term "unlicensed abortion facility" does not
include an individual or entity to which funds appropriated by the
legislature in the general appropriations act are prohibited from
being distributed.
SECTION 11. Amend Section 164.052, Occupations Code, by
adding a new Subsection (d) to read as follows:
(d) This section may not be construed to prohibit, and the
board may not take action against a physician regarding, the
performance of an abortion in response to a medical emergency
described by Section 170A.002(b)(2), Health and Safety Code.
SECTION 12. Amend Section 164.055, Occupations Code, by
amending Subsection (c) to read as follows:
(c) Notwithstanding Subsection (a), the board may not take
disciplinary action against a physician who exercised reasonable
medical judgment in providing medical treatment to a pregnant woman
as described by Section [74.552, Civil Practice and Remedies Code]
170A.002, Health and Safety Code.
SECTION 13. Amend Section 165.152, Occupations Code, by
adding a new Subsection (e) to read as follows:
(e) It is an exception to the application of Subsection (a)
if the person is a physician who performs, induces, or attempts an
abortion due to a medical emergency described by Section
170A.002(b)(2), Health and Safety Code.
SECTION 14. Article 4512.6, Chapter 6-1/2, Title 71,
Vernon's Civil Statutes, is amended to read as follows:
Art. 4512.6. [BY] EXCEPTION FOR MEDICAL EMERGENCY [ADVICE].
[Nothing in this chapter applies to] (a) It is an exception to the
application of this chapter that an abortion is procured,
performed, or attempted due to a medical emergency [by medical
advice for the purpose of saving the life of the mother].
(b) In this article, "medical emergency" means a condition
described by Section 170A.002(b)(2), Health and Safety Code.
SECTION 15. The exceptions to otherwise prohibited
abortions described by this Act:
(1) shall be construed as consistent with the opinion
of the Texas Supreme Court in In re State, 682 S.W.3d 890 (Tex.
2023), including with respect to providing that any threat posed by
a female's pregnancy to her life or major bodily functions need not
be imminent or irreversible; and
(2) shall be construed as consistent with the opinion
of the Texas Supreme Court in State v. Zurawski, 690 S.W.3d 644
(Tex. 2024), including with respect to the state's burden of proof
in any enforcement action.
SECTION 16. (a) Notwithstanding any other law, the
amendment set forth in Section 14 of this Act to Article 4512.6,
Chapter 6-1/2, Title 71, Vernon's Civil Statutes, shall not be
construed to:
(1) affirm or reject the validity or efficacy of any
provision within Chapter 6-1/2, Title 71, Vernon's Civil Statutes;
(2) affirm or reject that any provision within Chapter
6-1/2, Title 71, Vernon's Civil Statutes, has been revived or
remains or has become good law; or
(3) moot any judicial proceedings concerning the
validity or efficacy of any provision within Chapter 6-1/2, Title
71, Vernon's Civil Statutes.
(b) The Legislature makes the amendment set forth in Section
14 of this Act solely to clarify statutory text and to ensure
medical care may be provided to a pregnant woman in a medical
emergency as described in Section 170A.002(b)(2), Health and Safety
Code, as amended by this Act, without prejudice to, or resolution
of, any question concerning any provision within Chapter 6-1/2,
Title 71, Vernon's Civil Statutes.
SECTION 17. The following statutes are repealed:
(1) Section 74.552, Civil Practice and Remedies Code;
(2) Section 170A.002(d), Health and Safety Code; and
(3) Section 9.35, Penal Code.
SECTION 18. (a) To increase the understanding of the legal
profession regarding the laws regulating abortion following the
changes in law made by this Act, the State Bar of Texas shall
develop, or solicit the development of, and offer to attorneys
licensed in this state a comprehensive program of continuing legal
education regarding the regulation of abortion in this state, with
a focus on the exceptions to otherwise prohibited abortions. The
program shall include legal education regarding:
(1) statutory terminology applicable to the definition
and regulation of abortion;
(2) prohibited abortions and prohibited medical
techniques related to the performance of abortions;
(3) state law establishing statutory exceptions to
otherwise prohibited abortions;
(4) the civil and criminal implications of abortion
regulation in this state and the implications of statutory
exceptions to otherwise prohibited abortions;
(5) the definition of "medical emergency" as defined by
Section 170A.002(b)(2), Health and Safety Code;
(6) the responsibility of a physician to exercise
reasonable medical judgment in determining whether a condition or
conditions exist allowing the performance of an abortion during a
medical emergency; and
(7) the circumstances under which a physician is
required under Section 170A.0021, Health and Safety Code, as added
by this Act, to treat a pregnant female who experiences such
conditions in a manner that maximizes an unborn child's opportunity
to survive if doing so does not increase the threat to the mother
presented by those conditions.
(b) The program required by Subsection (a) shall be:
(1) developed in cooperation with the Health Law
Section of the State Bar of Texas, physician and health care
provider organizations, and other non-State Bar of Texas
stakeholders with a demonstrated interest and expertise in the
required subject matter; and
(2) promoted by communications made by the State Bar to
all attorneys in this state, organizations representing physicians
and health care providers whose members treat pregnant women, and
health care institutions as defined by Section 74.001, Civil
Practice and Remedies Code.
(c) The course of instruction required by Subsection (a)
must be offered at no cost to attorneys licensed in this state and
shall be offered on the Internet provided through the State Bar in
addition to any other method approved by the State Bar.
(d) The program required by Subsection (a) shall be offered
no later than January 1, 2026.
SECTION 19. (a)(1) No later than January 1, 2026, the Texas
Medical Board shall make available one or more approved courses
regarding the laws relating to pregnancy-related medical
emergencies as the term "medical emergency" is used in Subtitle H,
Title 2, Health and Safety Code, as amended by this Act.
(2) The board may solicit the development of a course
required by Subsection (1) by organizations representing
physicians, institutions of higher education with medical schools,
or other providers of continuing education to physicians acceptable
to the board.
(3) After approval of a continuing education course
required by this subsection, the board shall inform all licensed
physicians in this state of the availability of the course and
request organizations representing physicians in general and
physicians who practice in specialties that treat pregnant women to
make the availability of the course known to their members.
(b) Completion of a course described by Subsection (a) shall
be credited to the requirements for continuing medical education
enforced by the Texas Medical Board.
(c) A course approved under Subsection (a) shall address:
(1) what does and does not constitute an abortion,
including exclusions from that term for ectopic pregnancy and
spontaneous abortion;
(2) the laws prohibiting abortion and any procedures
prohibited by law for performing an abortion;
(3) the statutory exceptions to laws prohibiting
abortion with an emphasis on exceptions based on a medical
emergency as the term "medical emergency" is used in Subtitle H,
Title 2, Health and Safety Code, as amended by this Act; and
(4) the laws regarding reasonable medical judgment as
used in connection with the medical emergency exceptions to laws
prohibiting abortions.
(d) Continuing medical education described in whole or in
part by Subsection (c) does not constitute aiding or abetting as
those terms are used in Subchapter H, Chapter 171, Health and Safety
Code, as amended by this Act.
(e)(1) A physician licensed to practice medicine under
Subtitle B, Title 3, Occupations Code, who provides obstetric care
shall complete before initial licensure in this state or before the
physician's license renewal after January 1, 2026, a course
described by Subsection (a) that equals at least one hour of
continuing medical education. This is a one-time requirement.
(2) The license of a physician described by Subdivision
(1) shall not be initially issued or renewed if the physician has
not complied with that subdivision.
(3) The Texas Medical Board shall adopt rules to
implement this subsection.
(f) The board shall make available at least one course
required by this section at no cost to physicians licensed in this
state and include on its Internet website a list of courses of
continuing medical education approved under Subsection (a).
(g) Nothing in Subsections (a) through (f):
(1) creates a cause of action or a standard of care,
obligation, or duty that provides the basis for a cause of action;
or
(2) affects a health care liability claim, as defined
by Section 74.001(13), Civil Practice and Remedies Code, based on
any ground other than a violation of Chapter 170, 170A, or 171,
Health and Safety Code.
SECTION 20. (a) A chapter of a civil statute any part of
which is amended by this Act shall be construed as consistent with
the decisions of the courts of this state cited by Subsection (b)
that a pregnant female who obtains, attempts to obtain, procures,
or attempts to procure an abortion for herself is not guilty as a
party, principal, perpetrator, or accomplice to an offense
prohibiting such conduct.
(b) Watson v. State, 9 Tex. Ct. App. 237, 244-245 (1880);
Willingham v. State, 25 S.W. 424 (Tex. Crim. App. 1894); Gray v.
State, 178 S.W. 337, 341 (Tex. Crim. App. 1915); Smith v. State, 237
S.W. 265, 266 (Tex. Crim. App. 1922); Easter v. State, 536 S.W.2d
223, 229 (Tex. Crim. App. 1976); and Robinson v. State, 815 S.W.2d
361, 364 (Tex. App.-Austin 1991).
SECTION 21. Every provision in this Act and every
application of a provision in this Act is severable from any other.
If any provision or application of any provision in this Act to any
person, group of persons, or circumstance is held by a court to be
invalid, the invalidity does not affect the other provisions or
applications of this Act.
SECTION 22. This Act takes effect immediately if it receives
a vote of two-thirds of all the members elected to each house, as
provided by Section 39, Article III, Texas Constitution. If this
Act does not receive the vote necessary for immediate effect, this
Act takes effect September 1, 2025.
______________________________ ______________________________
President of the Senate Speaker of the House
I hereby certify that S.B. No. 31 passed the Senate on
April 29, 2025, by the following vote: Yeas 31, Nays 0.
______________________________
Secretary of the Senate
I hereby certify that S.B. No. 31 passed the House on
May 22, 2025, by the following vote: Yeas 134, Nays 4, seven
present not voting.
______________________________
Chief Clerk of the House
Approved:
______________________________
Date
______________________________
Governor