Bill Text: TX HB198 | 2017 | 85th Legislature 1st Special Session | Introduced
NOTE: There are more recent revisions of this legislation. Read Latest Draft
Bill Title: Relating to a study on an average pay increase for classroom teachers, the creation of certain teacher designations, teacher retention, and a teacher quality allotment under the Foundation School Program.
Spectrum: Partisan Bill (Republican 44-0)
Status: (Introduced - Dead) 2017-08-11 - Committee report sent to Calendars [HB198 Detail]
Download: Texas-2017-HB198-Introduced.html
Bill Title: Relating to a study on an average pay increase for classroom teachers, the creation of certain teacher designations, teacher retention, and a teacher quality allotment under the Foundation School Program.
Spectrum: Partisan Bill (Republican 44-0)
Status: (Introduced - Dead) 2017-08-11 - Committee report sent to Calendars [HB198 Detail]
Download: Texas-2017-HB198-Introduced.html
85S10544 MEW-F | ||
By: Clardy | H.B. No. 198 |
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relating to an average pay increase for public school classroom | ||
teachers, the creation of certain teacher designations, and a | ||
teacher quality allotment under the Foundation School Program; | ||
authorizing the imposition of a fee. | ||
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS: | ||
SECTION 1. Section 12.104, Education Code, is amended by | ||
adding Subsection (b-4) to read as follows: | ||
(b-4) An open-enrollment charter school is subject to the | ||
average annual pay increase requirement under Section 21.416. This | ||
subsection expires September 1, 2034. | ||
SECTION 2. Section 21.042, Education Code, is amended to | ||
read as follows: | ||
Sec. 21.042. APPROVAL OF RULES. (a) Except as provided by | ||
Subsection (b), the [ |
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must submit a written copy of each rule it proposes to adopt to the | ||
State Board of Education for review. The State Board of Education | ||
may reject a proposed rule by a vote of at least two-thirds of the | ||
members of the board present and voting. If the State Board of | ||
Education fails to reject a proposal before the 90th day after the | ||
date on which it receives the proposal, the proposal takes effect as | ||
a rule of the State Board for Educator Certification as provided by | ||
Chapter 2001, Government Code. The State Board of Education may not | ||
modify a rule proposed by the State Board for Educator | ||
Certification. | ||
(b) Rules adopted by the State Board for Educator | ||
Certification under Subchapter P are not subject to Subsection (a). | ||
SECTION 3. Subchapter B, Chapter 21, Education Code, is | ||
amended by adding Section 21.063 to read as follows: | ||
Sec. 21.063. LEGACY MASTER TEACHER CERTIFICATIONS. (a) | ||
The board shall recognize a master teacher certificate issued under | ||
former Section 21.0481, 21.0482, 21.0483, or 21.0484 until the | ||
certificate expires. The board shall note a designation of | ||
"legacy" on the certificate. | ||
(b) A master teacher certificate described by Subsection | ||
(a) does not generate funding under Section 42.162. | ||
SECTION 4. Subchapter I, Chapter 21, Education Code, is | ||
amended by adding Section 21.4025 to read as follows: | ||
Sec. 21.4025. COMMISSIONER ASSISTANCE. The commissioner | ||
shall provide assistance to school districts in implementing | ||
compensation structures that satisfy all applicable legal | ||
requirements, including requirements imposed under Section 42.162. | ||
SECTION 5. Subchapter I, Chapter 21, Education Code, is | ||
amended by adding Section 21.416 to read as follows: | ||
Sec. 21.416. AVERAGE PAY INCREASES FOR CLASSROOM TEACHERS. | ||
(a) In this section, "pay" includes salary, stipends, and other | ||
monetary disbursements made to a classroom teacher. The term does | ||
not include benefits or other payments made by the school district | ||
or open-enrollment charter school for the benefit of the teacher. | ||
(b) Except as provided by Subsection (c), beginning with the | ||
2021-2022 school year, and subsequently occurring every other | ||
school year, each school district and open-enrollment charter | ||
school must ensure that the average annual pay for classroom | ||
teachers employed at the district or school is at least $1,000 more | ||
than the average annual pay for classroom teachers employed at that | ||
district or school during the school year immediately preceding the | ||
previous school year. | ||
(b-1) Notwithstanding Subsection (b), for the 2019-2020 | ||
school year, each school district and open-enrollment charter | ||
school must ensure that the average annual pay for classroom | ||
teachers employed at the district or school is at least $1,000 more | ||
than the average annual pay for classroom teachers employed at that | ||
district or school during the 2016-2017 school year. This | ||
subsection expires September 1, 2021. | ||
(c) Beginning with the 2021-2022 school year, if the average | ||
annual pay for classroom teachers employed at a school district or | ||
open-enrollment charter school is equal to or greater than $51,000, | ||
the district or school is not subject to Subsection (b). | ||
(d) Except as provided by Subsection (e), if a school | ||
district or open-enrollment charter school fails to satisfy the | ||
average annual pay requirement under this section for a school | ||
year, the commissioner shall recover funds from the district or | ||
school in an amount equal to the number of classroom teachers | ||
employed at the district or school for that school year multiplied | ||
by the difference between the average annual pay for classroom | ||
teachers required under this section for that school year and the | ||
average annual pay for classroom teachers provided by the district | ||
or school for that school year. The commissioner shall recover the | ||
funds in the same manner that overallocated funds are recovered | ||
under Section 42.258 or Subchapter D, Chapter 12, or by adjusting | ||
the amount necessary for a district to comply with the requirements | ||
of Chapter 41. | ||
(e) The commissioner may not recover funds under Subsection | ||
(d) if the commissioner determines that: | ||
(1) the budget of the school district or | ||
open-enrollment charter school complied with the average annual pay | ||
requirement but subsequent changes in employment that could not be | ||
reasonably anticipated resulted in the failure to satisfy that | ||
requirement; | ||
(2) the school district or open-enrollment charter | ||
school was provided less total state and local funding under the | ||
Foundation School Program for maintenance and operations for the | ||
school year for which the district or school is subject to recovery | ||
of funds under Subsection (d) than the total state and local funding | ||
provided for the school year immediately preceding the previous | ||
school year; | ||
(3) the school district or open-enrollment charter | ||
school has a reasonable expectation of a decrease in total revenue | ||
due to circumstances not anticipated in estimates adopted by the | ||
state; or | ||
(4) the estimated amount of state and local funding | ||
per student in weighted average daily attendance to be provided to | ||
the school district or open-enrollment charter school under the | ||
Foundation School Program for maintenance and operations for the | ||
school year for which the district or school is subject to recovery | ||
of funds under Subsection (d) is equal to or less than the amount of | ||
state and local funding provided to the district or school for the | ||
school year immediately preceding the previous school year. | ||
(f) As required by the commissioner, each school district | ||
and open-enrollment charter school shall report information | ||
relating to compliance with this section. | ||
(g) The commissioner may only adopt rules under this section | ||
using the negotiated rulemaking procedures under Chapter 2008, | ||
Government Code, including rules determining which classroom | ||
teachers and what types of pay must be included in determining | ||
compliance with this section. | ||
(h) This section expires September 1, 2034. | ||
SECTION 6. Chapter 21, Education Code, is amended by adding | ||
Subchapter P to read as follows: | ||
SUBCHAPTER P. ACCOMPLISHED, DISTINGUISHED, AND MASTER TEACHER | ||
DESIGNATIONS | ||
Sec. 21.751. ACCOMPLISHED TEACHER DESIGNATION. (a) The | ||
State Board for Educator Certification shall issue an accomplished | ||
teacher designation on the certificate of each teacher that | ||
qualifies as provided by Subsection (b). | ||
(b) To qualify for an accomplished teacher designation, a | ||
person must hold: | ||
(1) an eligible teaching certificate issued under | ||
Subchapter B; and | ||
(2) a National Board Certification issued by the | ||
National Board for Professional Teaching Standards. | ||
(c) An accomplished teacher designation must expire not | ||
later than the 10th year after the date the designation is issued. | ||
Sec. 21.752. DISTINGUISHED TEACHER DESIGNATION. (a) The | ||
State Board for Educator Certification may issue a distinguished | ||
teacher designation on the certificate of a teacher that qualifies | ||
as provided by Subsection (b). | ||
(b) To qualify for a distinguished teacher designation, a | ||
person must: | ||
(1) meet the criteria described by Section 21.751; | ||
(2) submit evidence of providing leadership to other | ||
classroom teachers, including letters of recommendation from: | ||
(A) the principal of the school at which the | ||
person is currently employed; and | ||
(B) two classroom teachers employed at the same | ||
school as the person during the preceding two school years; | ||
(3) be nominated by the school district or | ||
open-enrollment charter school at which the person is employed with | ||
nomination materials that include: | ||
(A) student performance information that | ||
provides an analysis of the growth of the teacher's students in each | ||
of the most recent three school years; and | ||
(B) an affirmation that the nominee has reviewed | ||
that student performance information; and | ||
(4) have performed in the top 25 percent, or the | ||
percentage adopted by the commissioner under Section 21.754(b), of | ||
classroom teachers in the state in a similar certification field in | ||
student growth averaged over the most recent three school years. | ||
(c) A distinguished teacher designation must expire not | ||
later than the fifth year after the date the designation is issued. | ||
Sec. 21.753. MASTER TEACHER DESIGNATION. (a) The State | ||
Board for Educator Certification may issue a master teacher | ||
designation on the certificate of a teacher that qualifies as | ||
provided by Subsection (b). | ||
(b) To qualify for a master teacher designation, a person | ||
must: | ||
(1) meet the criteria described by Section 21.752; and | ||
(2) have performed in the top five percent, or the | ||
percentage adopted by the commissioner under Section 21.754(b), of | ||
classroom teachers in the state in a similar certification field in | ||
student growth averaged over the most recent three school years. | ||
(c) A master teacher designation must expire not later than | ||
the fifth year after the date the designation is issued. | ||
Sec. 21.754. ELIGIBILITY FOR DISTINGUISHED AND MASTER | ||
TEACHER DESIGNATIONS. (a) The commissioner shall establish | ||
eligibility criteria required for designation as a distinguished or | ||
master teacher, including performance metrics, qualifying | ||
evidence, and standards for comparing teachers in similar | ||
certification fields. | ||
(b) The commissioner may: | ||
(1) adjust the percentages required under Sections | ||
21.752 and 21.753 for a classroom teacher to qualify for a | ||
distinguished or master teacher designation; and | ||
(2) develop methods to incorporate, use, or substitute | ||
locally developed classroom teacher performance review systems | ||
that use a target distribution model to determine if a teacher | ||
satisfies the required criteria. | ||
(c) The commissioner shall use the negotiated rulemaking | ||
procedures under Chapter 2008, Government Code, and solicit input | ||
from educators and experts in the field of education in determining | ||
eligibility criteria under Subsection (a) and making any | ||
adjustments to required percentages under Subsection (b)(1). | ||
(d) The commissioner shall appoint a peer review panel to | ||
evaluate if an applicant has satisfied the requirements for a | ||
distinguished or master teacher designation under Section 21.752 or | ||
21.753. A majority of the panel must consist of teachers with a | ||
master teacher designation as soon as a sufficient number of | ||
teachers with that designation exist. | ||
Sec. 21.755. NOMINATIONS FOR DISTINGUISHED AND MASTER | ||
TEACHER DESIGNATIONS. (a) To nominate a person as a distinguished | ||
or master teacher under Section 21.752 or 21.753, the | ||
superintendent of the school district at which the teacher is | ||
employed or the superintendent or administrator serving as | ||
educational leader and chief executive officer of the | ||
open-enrollment charter school at which the teacher is employed | ||
must submit a letter, including the nomination materials required | ||
under Section 21.752(b)(3), to the State Board for Educator | ||
Certification. | ||
(b) During the first school year for which a distinguished | ||
or master teacher designation is available in a particular | ||
certification field, a school district or open-enrollment charter | ||
school may nominate for both designations no more than two and | ||
one-half percent of the district's or school's classroom teachers | ||
who work in that certification field. Each subsequent school year, | ||
the district or school may nominate not more than five percent of | ||
the district's or school's classroom teachers, excluding | ||
nominations for the renewal of a distinguished or master teacher | ||
designation. | ||
(c) On request by the school district or open-enrollment | ||
charter school nominating a teacher under this section, any other | ||
school district or open-enrollment charter school shall, in a | ||
manner that complies with the Family Educational Rights and Privacy | ||
Act of 1974 (20 U.S.C. Section 1232g), provide to the nominating | ||
district or school student performance information that is required | ||
for the nominating district or school to submit a nomination. | ||
Information provided to a nominating district or school under this | ||
subsection is confidential. | ||
Sec. 21.756. MULTIPLE DESIGNATIONS PROHIBITED. A person | ||
may only hold one teacher designation under this subchapter at any | ||
time. | ||
Sec. 21.757. INFORMATION RELATING TO TEACHER AND STUDENT | ||
PERFORMANCE. (a) The State Board for Educator Certification, the | ||
agency, and a peer review panel appointed under Section 21.754(d) | ||
may access information required to make an eligibility | ||
determination under this subchapter, including information from | ||
the school district or open-enrollment charter school at which the | ||
teacher is or was employed relating to the performance of the | ||
teacher's current or previous students. Information otherwise | ||
confidential remains confidential and is not subject to Chapter 551 | ||
or 552, Government Code. | ||
(b) The agency shall collect information necessary to | ||
implement this subchapter, which may include student performance | ||
information for a sample of students across the state. | ||
(c) A school district or open-enrollment charter school | ||
shall provide any information required under this subchapter. | ||
Sec. 21.758. FEES. (a) The State Board for Educator | ||
Certification may adopt fees to implement this subchapter. | ||
(b) A school district or open-enrollment charter school may | ||
pay any fee adopted by the State Board for Educator Certification | ||
for a classroom teacher employed at the district or school to pursue | ||
a teacher designation under this subchapter. | ||
Sec. 21.759. STUDENT PERFORMANCE STUDY. (a) The | ||
commissioner shall periodically conduct a study using an external | ||
organization to determine the impact of the teacher designations | ||
issued under this subchapter on student performance. | ||
(b) The commissioner shall make recommendations as | ||
necessary to the State Board for Educator Certification, the | ||
governor, and the legislature to improve the quality of and impact | ||
on student performance of teacher designations issued under this | ||
subchapter. | ||
Sec. 21.760. RULES. (a) The State Board for Educator | ||
Certification may adopt rules to implement this subchapter. | ||
(b) The commissioner may adopt rules to implement the | ||
requirements imposed on the commissioner or agency under this | ||
subchapter. | ||
(c) The State Board for Educator Certification and the | ||
commissioner shall use the negotiated rulemaking procedures under | ||
Chapter 2008, Government Code, to implement any rules under this | ||
subchapter. | ||
Sec. 21.761. TEACHER DESIGNATION FEES. (a) A fee adopted | ||
by the State Board for Educator Certification for the period | ||
beginning September 1, 2017, and ending August 31, 2020, to | ||
implement the teacher designations under this subchapter is not | ||
subject to Sections 2001.0045 and 2001.0221, Government Code. | ||
(b) This section expires September 1, 2020. | ||
SECTION 7. Subchapter C, Chapter 42, Education Code, is | ||
amended by adding Section 42.162 to read as follows: | ||
Sec. 42.162. TEACHER QUALITY ALLOTMENT. (a) In this | ||
section, "pay" has the meaning assigned by Section 21.416. | ||
(b) A school district, including a school district that is | ||
otherwise ineligible for state aid under this chapter, and an | ||
open-enrollment charter school are entitled to an allotment in an | ||
amount equal to the sum of the product of $4,000 multiplied by: | ||
(1) the number of full-time equivalent classroom | ||
teachers with an accomplished teacher designation under Section | ||
21.751 employed by the district or school; | ||
(2) the number of full-time equivalent classroom | ||
teachers with a distinguished teacher designation under Section | ||
21.752 employed by the district or school; and | ||
(3) the number of full-time equivalent classroom | ||
teachers with a master teacher designation under Section 21.753 | ||
employed by the district or school. | ||
(c) Instead of the amounts provided by Subsection (b), for | ||
each qualifying full-time equivalent classroom teacher who is | ||
assigned by a school district or open-enrollment charter school to | ||
a campus at which a majority of students are educationally | ||
disadvantaged or who is employed by a school district or | ||
open-enrollment charter school that qualifies as rural, as | ||
determined by the commissioner, the district or school may elect to | ||
receive the following funding amounts: | ||
(1) $8,000 for each full-time equivalent classroom | ||
teacher with a distinguished teacher designation under Section | ||
21.752 employed by the district or school; and | ||
(2) $20,000 for each full-time equivalent classroom | ||
teacher with a master teacher designation under Section 21.753 | ||
employed by the district or school. | ||
(d) If a school district or open-enrollment charter school | ||
that is exempt from the average pay increase under Section | ||
21.416(c) elects to receive funding under Subsection (c) of this | ||
section, the district or school must ensure that: | ||
(1) not later than the third school year after the | ||
school year in which this subsection applies and the district or | ||
school receives funding under Subsection (c), the average annual | ||
pay of classroom teachers for whom the district or school receives | ||
funding under Subsection (c)(1) is at least $68,000; and | ||
(2) not later than the fifth school year after the | ||
school year in which this subsection applies and the district or | ||
school receives funding under Subsection (c), the average annual | ||
pay of classroom teachers for whom the district or school receives | ||
funding under Subsection (c)(2) is at least $85,000. | ||
(d-1) Subsection (d) and this subsection expire September | ||
1, 2034. | ||
(e) Beginning with the 2034-2035 school year, a school | ||
district or open-enrollment charter school that elects to receive | ||
funding under Subsection (c) must ensure that: | ||
(1) not later than the third school year after the year | ||
in which this subsection applies and the district or school | ||
receives funding under Subsection (c), the average annual pay of | ||
classroom teachers for whom the district or school receives funding | ||
under Subsection (c)(1) is at least $68,000; and | ||
(2) not later than the fifth school year after the year | ||
in which this subsection applies and the district or school | ||
receives funding under Subsection (c), the average annual pay of | ||
classroom teachers for whom the district or school receives funding | ||
under Subsection (c)(2) is at least $85,000. | ||
(f) Except as provided by Subsection (g), a school district | ||
or open-enrollment charter school is not eligible for funding under | ||
Subsection (c) if the commissioner determines that the district or | ||
school has not met applicable average pay requirements under this | ||
section. The commissioner may restore funding eligibility to the | ||
district or school on proof of compliance with applicable average | ||
pay requirements. | ||
(g) The commissioner may not deny eligibility of a school | ||
district or open-enrollment charter school for funding under | ||
Subsection (c) if the commissioner determines that: | ||
(1) the budget of the school district or | ||
open-enrollment charter school complied with applicable average | ||
pay requirements under this section but subsequent changes in | ||
employment that could not be reasonably anticipated resulted in the | ||
failure to satisfy that requirement; | ||
(2) the school district or open-enrollment charter | ||
school was provided less total state and local funding under the | ||
Foundation School Program for maintenance and operations for the | ||
school year for which the district or school is subject to | ||
applicable average pay requirements under this section than the | ||
amount of state and local funding provided to the district or school | ||
for the previous school year; or | ||
(3) the school district or open-enrollment charter | ||
school has a reasonable expectation of a decrease in total revenue | ||
due to circumstances not anticipated in estimates adopted by the | ||
state. | ||
(h) Funding under this section may be provided to a school | ||
district or open-enrollment charter school only for: | ||
(1) the highest funding category for which a classroom | ||
teacher qualifies; and | ||
(2) if funding is provided under Subsection (c), | ||
qualifying classroom teachers for which the district or school | ||
applies. | ||
(i) The commissioner may adopt rules under this section | ||
using the negotiated rulemaking procedures under Chapter 2008, | ||
Government Code, including rules determining: | ||
(1) proration for classroom teachers who qualify under | ||
this section and who were employed by a school district or | ||
open-enrollment charter school for less than a full school year; | ||
and | ||
(2) which classroom teachers and what types of pay | ||
must be included to comply with applicable average pay requirements | ||
under this section. | ||
SECTION 8. Subchapter E, Chapter 42, Education Code, is | ||
amended by adding Section 42.25131 to read as follows: | ||
Sec. 42.25131. ADVANCE PAYMENT FOR PURSUIT OF ACCOMPLISHED | ||
TEACHER DESIGNATION. (a) The commissioner shall grant a school | ||
district or open-enrollment charter school an advance payment from | ||
the Foundation School Program in an amount equal to $1,900 per | ||
classroom teacher for whom the district or school submits a request | ||
to the agency. An advance payment made under this section may only | ||
be used to pursue an accomplished teacher designation for a teacher | ||
under Section 21.751 for the first time. | ||
(b) The school district or open-enrollment charter school | ||
shall repay the amount of the advance payment in equal installments | ||
over the three school years following the school year in which the | ||
advance payment is received. | ||
(c) For each classroom teacher for whom a school district or | ||
open-enrollment charter school receives funding under this section | ||
and who does not receive an accomplished teacher designation under | ||
Section 21.751 by the end of the fourth school year after the | ||
district received funding, the district or school shall pay to the | ||
Foundation School Program an additional $300. | ||
(d) The commissioner may modify the advance payment program | ||
under this section, including modifications to funding | ||
entitlements to and amounts owed by a school district or | ||
open-enrollment charter school because of a classroom teacher | ||
leaving employment at the district or school before the expiration | ||
of the time periods established under this section. | ||
(e) The commissioner may adopt rules to implement this | ||
section using the negotiated rulemaking procedures under Chapter | ||
2008, Government Code. | ||
SECTION 9. Effective September 1, 2019, Section 42.302(a), | ||
Education Code, is amended to read as follows: | ||
(a) Each school district is guaranteed a specified amount | ||
per weighted student in state and local funds for each cent of tax | ||
effort over that required for the district's local fund assignment | ||
up to the maximum level specified in this subchapter. The amount of | ||
state support, subject only to the maximum amount under Section | ||
42.303, is determined by the formula: | ||
GYA = (GL X WADA X DTR X 100) - LR | ||
where: | ||
"GYA" is the guaranteed yield amount of state funds to be | ||
allocated to the district; | ||
"GL" is the dollar amount guaranteed level of state and local | ||
funds per weighted student per cent of tax effort, which is an | ||
amount described by Subsection (a-1) or a greater amount for any | ||
year provided by appropriation; | ||
"WADA" is the number of students in weighted average daily | ||
attendance, which is calculated by dividing the sum of the school | ||
district's allotments under Subchapters B and C, less any allotment | ||
to the district for transportation, any allotment under Section | ||
42.158, [ |
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under Section 42.102, by the basic allotment for the applicable | ||
year; | ||
"DTR" is the district enrichment tax rate of the school | ||
district, which is determined by subtracting the amounts specified | ||
by Subsection (b) from the total amount of maintenance and | ||
operations taxes collected by the school district for the | ||
applicable school year and dividing the difference by the quotient | ||
of the district's taxable value of property as determined under | ||
Subchapter M, Chapter 403, Government Code, or, if applicable, | ||
under Section 42.2521, divided by 100; and | ||
"LR" is the local revenue, which is determined by multiplying | ||
"DTR" by the quotient of the district's taxable value of property as | ||
determined under Subchapter M, Chapter 403, Government Code, or, if | ||
applicable, under Section 42.2521, divided by 100. | ||
SECTION 10. Section 61.0766(e), Education Code, is amended | ||
to read as follows: | ||
(e) An academy program may: | ||
(1) provide financial assistance for the purpose of | ||
allowing participants to complete the program [ |
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(2) include programs in leadership skills to develop | ||
training, mentoring, and coaching skills; | ||
(3) deliver coursework electronically for some or all | ||
of the program; and | ||
(4) provide for ongoing professional development and | ||
coordination with specific public school instructional programs. | ||
SECTION 11. The following provisions of the Education Code | ||
are repealed: | ||
(1) Section 21.0481; | ||
(2) Section 21.0482; | ||
(3) Section 21.0483; | ||
(4) Section 21.0484; | ||
(5) Section 21.410; | ||
(6) Section 21.411; | ||
(7) Section 21.412; and | ||
(8) Section 21.413. | ||
SECTION 12. The State Board for Educator Certification may | ||
not issue a new or renew a master teacher certificate issued under | ||
Section 21.0481, 21.0482, 21.0483, or 21.0484, Education Code, on | ||
or after the effective date of this Act. | ||
SECTION 13. Sections 12.104(b-4), 21.4025, 21.416, and | ||
42.162, Education Code, as added by this Act, apply beginning with | ||
the 2019-2020 school year. | ||
SECTION 14. Except as otherwise provided by this Act, this | ||
Act takes effect immediately if it receives a vote of two-thirds of | ||
all the members elected to each house, as provided by Section 39, | ||
Article III, Texas Constitution. If this Act does not receive the | ||
vote necessary for immediate effect, this Act takes effect December | ||
1, 2017. |