Bill Text: NY A02702 | 2023-2024 | General Assembly | Introduced
Bill Title: Establishes that consumer litigation funding transactions should be subject to state regulation and sets forth requirements regarding disclosure, licensing, funding company and attorney responsibilities and limitations, violations and other provisions.
Spectrum: Strong Partisan Bill (Democrat 19-1)
Status: (Introduced) 2024-01-03 - referred to consumer affairs and protection [A02702 Detail]
Download: New_York-2023-A02702-Introduced.html
STATE OF NEW YORK ________________________________________________________________________ 2702 2023-2024 Regular Sessions IN ASSEMBLY January 26, 2023 ___________ Introduced by M. of A. DILAN, HEVESI, D. ROSENTHAL, SAYEGH, COOK, REYES, HYNDMAN, McDONOUGH, WILLIAMS, GLICK, COLTON, HUNTER, DICKENS, TAYLOR, BRAUNSTEIN, RAMOS, SIMON, ZEBROWSKI, DAVILA -- read once and referred to the Committee on Consumer Affairs and Protection AN ACT to amend the general business law, in relation to consumer liti- gation funding The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assem- bly, do enact as follows: 1 Section 1. Short title. This act shall be known and may be cited as 2 the "consumer litigation funding act". 3 § 2. Legislative intent. In an effort to promote consumer protections 4 related to consumer litigation funding transactions, this act estab- 5 lishes that such transactions should be subject to state regulation and 6 sets forth requirements regarding disclosure, licensing, funding company 7 and attorney responsibilities and limitations, violations and other 8 items. 9 § 3. The general business law is amended by adding a new article 39-H 10 to read as follows: 11 ARTICLE 39-H 12 CONSUMER LITIGATION FINANCING 13 Section 899-aaaa. Definitions. 14 899-bbbb. Contract requirements; right of rescission. 15 899-cccc. Prohibitions. 16 899-dddd. Contracted amounts. 17 899-eeee. Disclosures. 18 899-ffff. Violations. 19 899-gggg. Assignability; liens. 20 899-hhhh. Effect of communication on privileges. 21 899-iiii. Registration. 22 899-jjjj. Reporting. 23 899-kkkk. Severability. EXPLANATION--Matter in italics (underscored) is new; matter in brackets [] is old law to be omitted. LBD03209-01-3A. 2702 2 1 § 899-aaaa. Definitions. As used in this article, the following terms 2 shall have the following meanings: 3 1. "Advertise" means publishing or disseminating any written, aural, 4 electronic or printed communication or any communication by means of 5 recorded telephone messages or transmitted or broadcast on radio, tele- 6 vision, the internet or similar communications media, including audio 7 recordings, film strips, motion pictures and videos, published, dissem- 8 inated, circulated or placed before the public, directly or indirectly, 9 for the purpose of inducing a consumer to enter into a consumer liti- 10 gation funding. 11 2. "Charges" means the amount of money to be paid to the consumer 12 litigation funding company by or on behalf of the consumer, above the 13 funded amount provided by or on behalf of the company to a New York 14 consumer pursuant to this article. Charges include all administrative, 15 origination, underwriting or other fees no matter how denominated. 16 3. "Consumer litigation funding" means a non-recourse transaction in 17 which a consumer litigation funding company purchases and a consumer 18 assigns to the company a contingent right to receive an amount of the 19 potential proceeds of a settlement, judgment, award, or verdict obtained 20 in the consumer's legal claim. 21 4. "Consumer litigation funding company" or "company" means a person 22 or entity that enters into a consumer litigation funding with a consum- 23 er. This term shall not include: 24 (a) an immediate family member of the consumer; 25 (b) a bank, lender, financing entity, or other special purpose entity: 26 (i) that provides financing to a consumer litigation funding company; 27 or 28 (ii) to which a consumer litigation funding company grants a security 29 interest or transfers any rights or interest in a consumer litigation 30 funding; or 31 (c) an attorney or accountant who provides services to a consumer. 32 5. "Consumer" means a natural person who has a pending legal claim and 33 who resides or is domiciled in New York. 34 6. "Funded amount" means the amount of monies provided to, or on 35 behalf of, the consumer in the consumer litigation funding. "Funded 36 amount" excludes charges. 37 7. "Funding date" means the date on which the funded amount is trans- 38 ferred to the consumer by the consumer litigation funding company either 39 by personal delivery or via wire, ACH or other electronic means or 40 mailed by insured, certified or registered United States mail. 41 8. "Immediate family member" means a parent; sibling; child by blood, 42 adoption, or marriage; spouse; grandparent or grandchild. 43 9. "Legal claim" means a bona fide civil claim or cause of action. 44 10. "Resolution date" means the date the funded amount, plus the 45 agreed upon charges, are delivered to the consumer litigation funding 46 company by the consumer, the consumer's attorney or otherwise. 47 § 899-bbbb. Contract requirements; right of rescission. 1. All consum- 48 er litigation funding contracts shall meet the following requirements: 49 (a) a contract shall be written in a clear and coherent manner using 50 words with common, everyday meanings to enable the average consumer who 51 makes a reasonable effort under ordinary circumstances to read and 52 understand the terms of the contract without having to obtain the 53 assistance of a professional; 54 (b) the contract shall be completely filled in when presented to the 55 consumer for signature;A. 2702 3 1 (c) the contract shall contain, in twelve-point bold type font, a 2 right of rescission, allowing the consumer to cancel the contract with- 3 out penalty or further obligation if, within five business days after 4 the funding date, the consumer either: 5 (i) returns to the consumer litigation funding company the full amount 6 of the disbursed funds by delivering the company's uncashed check to the 7 company's office in person; or 8 (ii) mails, by insured, certified, or registered United States mail, 9 to the address specified in the contract, a notice of cancellation and 10 includes in such mailing a return of the full amount of disbursed funds 11 in the form of the company's uncashed check or a registered or certified 12 check or money order; 13 (d) the contract shall contain the initials of the consumer on each 14 page; 15 (e) a statement that there are no fees or charges to be paid by the 16 consumer other than what is disclosed on the disclosure form; 17 (f) in the event the consumer seeks more than one litigation funding 18 contract from the same company, a disclosure providing the cumulative 19 amount due from the consumer for all transactions, including charges 20 under all contracts, if repayment is made any time after the contracts 21 are executed; 22 (g) a statement of the maximum amount the consumer may be obligated to 23 pay under the contract other than in a case of material breach, fraud or 24 misrepresentation by or on behalf of the consumer; and 25 (h) clear and conspicuous detail of how charges, including any appli- 26 cable fees, are incurred or accrued. 27 2. The contract shall contain a written acknowledgement by the attor- 28 ney retained by the consumer in the legal claim that attests to the 29 following: 30 (a) to the best of the attorney's knowledge, the funded amounts and 31 any charges relating to the consumer litigation funding have been 32 disclosed to the consumer; 33 (b) the attorney is being paid on a contingency basis pursuant to a 34 written fee agreement; 35 (c) all proceeds of the legal claim will be disbursed via either the 36 trust account of the attorney or a settlement fund established to 37 receive the proceeds of the legal claim on behalf of the consumer; 38 (d) the attorney is following the written irrevocable instructions of 39 the consumer with regard to the consumer litigation funding; 40 (e) the attorney is obligated to disburse funds from the legal claim 41 and take any other steps to ensure that the terms of the litigation 42 funding contract are fulfilled; 43 (f) the attorney has not received a referral fee or other consider- 44 ation from the consumer litigation funding company in connection with 45 the consumer litigation funding, nor will the attorney receive such fee 46 or other consideration in the future; and 47 (g) the attorney in the legal claim has provided no tax, public or 48 private benefit planning, or financial advice regarding this trans- 49 action. 50 3. Should the acknowledgement required in paragraph (c) of subdivision 51 two of this section not be completed by the attorney or firm retained by 52 the consumer in the legal claim, the contract shall be null and void. 53 The contract will remain valid and enforceable in the event the consumer 54 terminates the initial attorney and/or retains a new attorney with 55 respect to the legal claim.A. 2702 4 1 § 899-cccc. Prohibitions. 1. Consumer litigation funding companies 2 shall be prohibited from: 3 (a) paying or offering to pay commissions, referral fees, or other 4 forms of consideration to any attorney, law firm, medical provider, 5 chiropractor or physical therapist or any of their employees for refer- 6 ring a consumer to the company; 7 (b) accepting any commissions, referral fees, rebates or other forms 8 of consideration from an attorney, law firm, medical provider, chiro- 9 practor or physical therapist or any of their employees; 10 (c) intentionally advertising materially false or misleading informa- 11 tion regarding its products or services; 12 (d) referring, in furtherance of an initial legal funding, a customer 13 or potential customer to a specific attorney, law firm, medical provid- 14 er, chiropractor or physical therapist or any of their employees; 15 provided, however, if a customer needs legal representation, the company 16 may refer the customer to a local or state bar association referral 17 service; 18 (e) knowingly providing funding to a consumer who has previously 19 assigned and/or sold a portion of the consumer's right to proceeds from 20 his or her legal claim without first making payment to and/or purchasing 21 a prior unsatisfied consumer litigation funding company's entire funded 22 amount and contracted charges, unless a lesser amount is otherwise 23 agreed to in writing by the consumer litigation funding companies, 24 except that multiple companies may agree to contemporaneously provide 25 funding to a consumer provided that the consumer and the consumer's 26 attorney consent to the arrangement in writing; 27 (f) receiving any right to, nor make, any decisions with respect to 28 the conduct of the underlying legal claim or any settlement or resol- 29 ution thereof. The right to make such decisions shall remain solely with 30 the consumer and the attorney in the legal claim; 31 (g) knowingly pay or offering to pay for court costs, filing fees or 32 attorney's fees either during or after the resolution of the legal 33 claim, using funds from the consumer litigation funding transaction. 34 2. An attorney or law firm retained by the consumer in the legal claim 35 shall not have a financial interest in the consumer litigation funding 36 company offering consumer litigation funding to that consumer. 37 3. Any attorney who has referred the consumer to his retained attorney 38 shall not have a financial interest in the consumer litigation funding 39 company offering consumer litigation funding to that consumer. 40 § 899-dddd. Contracted amounts. The contracted amount to be paid to 41 the consumer litigation company shall be a predetermined amount based 42 upon intervals of time from the funding date through the resolution 43 date, and shall not be determined as a percentage of the recovery from 44 the legal claim. 45 § 899-eeee. Disclosures. All consumer litigation funding contracts 46 shall contain the disclosures specified in this section, which shall 47 constitute material terms of the contract. Unless otherwise specified, 48 the disclosures shall be typed in at least twelve-point bold type font 49 and be placed clearly and conspicuously within the contract, as follows: 50 1. On the front page under appropriate headings, language specifying: 51 (a) the funded amount to be paid to the consumer by the consumer liti- 52 gation funding company; 53 (b) an itemization of one-time charges; 54 (c) the maximum total amount to be assigned by the consumer to the 55 company, including the funded amount and all charges; andA. 2702 5 1 (d) a payment schedule to include the funded amount and charges, list- 2 ing all dates and the amount due at the end of each one hundred eighty 3 day period from the funding date, until the date the maximum amount due 4 to the company by the consumer to satisfy the amount due pursuant to the 5 contract. 6 2. Pursuant to the provisions set forth in this section, within the 7 body of the contract: "Consumer's right to cancellation: you may cancel 8 this contract without penalty or further obligation within five (5) 9 business days after the funding date if you either: 10 (a) return to the consumer litigation funding company the full amount 11 of the disbursed funds by delivering the company's uncashed check to the 12 company's office in person; or 13 (b) mail, by insured, certified or registered United States mail, to 14 the company at the address specified in the contract, a notice of 15 cancellation and include in such mailing a return of the full amount of 16 disbursed funds in the form of the company's uncashed check or a regis- 17 tered or certified check or money order." 18 3. The consumer litigation funding company shall have no role in 19 deciding whether, when and how much the legal claim is settled for, 20 however, the consumer and consumer's attorney must notify the company of 21 the outcome of the legal claim by settlement or adjudication prior to 22 the resolution date. The company may seek updated information about the 23 status of the legal claim but in no event shall the company interfere 24 with the independent professional judgment of the attorney in the handl- 25 ing of the legal claim or any settlement thereof. 26 4. Within the body of the contract, in all capital letters in at least 27 twelve-point bold type font contained within a box: "THE FUNDED AMOUNT 28 AND AGREED UPON CHARGES SHALL BE PAID ONLY FROM THE PROCEEDS OF YOUR 29 LEGAL CLAIM, AND SHALL BE PAID ONLY TO THE EXTENT THAT THERE ARE AVAIL- 30 ABLE PROCEEDS FROM YOUR LEGAL CLAIM. YOU WILL NOT OWE (INSERT NAME OF 31 THE CONSUMER LITIGATION FUNDING COMPANY) ANYTHING IF THERE ARE NO 32 PROCEEDS FROM YOUR LEGAL CLAIM, UNLESS YOU HAVE VIOLATED ANY MATERIAL 33 TERM OF THIS CONTRACT OR YOU HAVE COMMITTED FRAUD AGAINST (INSERT NAME 34 OF CONSUMER LITIGATION FUNDING COMPANY)." 35 5. Located immediately above the place on the contract where the 36 consumer's signature is required, in twelve-point bold type font: "Do 37 not sign this contract before you read it completely. Do not sign this 38 contract if it contains any blank spaces. You are entitled to a 39 completely filled-in copy of the contract before you sign this contract. 40 You should obtain the advice of any attorney. Depending on the circum- 41 stances, you may want to consult a tax, public or private benefits plan- 42 ning, or financial professional. You acknowledge that your attorney in 43 the legal claim has provided no tax, public or private benefit planning, 44 or financial advice regarding this transaction. You further acknowledge 45 that your attorney has explained the terms and conditions of the consum- 46 er litigation funding contract." 47 6. A copy of the executed contract shall promptly be delivered to the 48 attorney for the consumer. 49 § 899-ffff. Violations. 1. If a court of competent jurisdiction deter- 50 mines that a consumer litigation funding company has willfully commit- 51 ted a deceptive and abusive violation of this article with regard to a 52 specific consumer litigation funding, the contract shall be null and 53 void. 54 2. Nothing in this article shall be construed to restrict the exercise 55 of powers or the performance of the duties of the New York state attor-A. 2702 6 1 ney general, which he or she is authorized to exercise or perform by 2 law. 3 § 899-gggg. Assignability; liens. 1. The contingent right to receive 4 an amount of the potential proceeds of a legal claim is assignable by a 5 consumer. 6 2. Nothing contained in this article shall be construed to cause any 7 consumer litigation funding transaction conforming to this article to be 8 deemed a loan or to be subject to any of the provisions governing loans. 9 A consumer litigation funding transaction that complies with this arti- 10 cle is not subject to any other statutory or regulatory provisions 11 governing loans or investment contracts. To the extent that this article 12 conflicts with any other law, this article supersedes any other law for 13 the purposes of regulating consumer litigation funding in the state of 14 New York. 15 3. Only attorney's liens related to the legal claim which is the 16 subject of the consumer litigation funding or medicare or other statuto- 17 ry liens related to the legal claim shall take priority over any lien of 18 the consumer litigation funding company. All other liens shall take 19 priority by normal operation of law. 20 § 899-hhhh. Effect of communication on privileges. All communication 21 between the consumer's attorney in the legal claim and the consumer 22 legal funding company as it pertains to the consumer legal funding shall 23 fall within the scope of the attorney client privilege, including, with- 24 out limitation, the work-product doctrine. 25 § 899-iiii. Registration. 1. Unless a consumer litigation funding 26 company has first registered with the state of New York pursuant to this 27 article, the company may not engage in the business of consumer liti- 28 gation funding in this state. 29 2. An applicant's registration must be filed in the manner prescribed 30 by the secretary of state and must contain all the information required 31 by the department of state to make an evaluation of the character and 32 fitness of the applicant company. The initial application must be accom- 33 panied by a five hundred dollar fee. A renewal registration must include 34 a two hundred dollar fee. A registration must be renewed every two years 35 and expires on the thirtieth of September. 36 3. A certificate of registration may not be issued unless the depart- 37 ment of state, upon investigation, finds that the character and fitness 38 of the applicant company, and of the officers and directors thereof, are 39 such as to warrant belief that the business will be operated honestly 40 and fairly within the purposes of this article. 41 4. Every registrant shall also, at the time of filing such applica- 42 tion, file with the department of state, if the department of state so 43 requires, a bond satisfactory to the department of state in an amount 44 not to exceed fifty thousand dollars. In lieu of the bond at the option 45 of the registrant, the registrant may post an irrevocable letter of 46 credit. The terms of the bond must run concurrent with the period of 47 time during which the registration will be in effect. The bond must 48 provide that the registrant will faithfully conform to and abide by the 49 provisions of this article and to all rules lawfully made by the admin- 50 istrator under this act and to any such person or persons any and all 51 amounts of money that may become due or owing to the state or to such 52 person or persons from the registrant under and by virtue of this arti- 53 cle during the period for which the bond is given. 54 5. Upon written request, the applicant shall be entitled to a hearing 55 on the question of the applicant's qualifications for registration if:A. 2702 7 1 (a) the department of state has notified the applicant in writing that 2 the application has been denied, or 3 (b) the department of state has not issued a registration within sixty 4 days after the application for the registration was filed. 5 6. A request for a hearing may not be made more than fifteen days 6 after the department has mailed a written notice to the applicant that 7 the application has been denied and stating in substance the department 8 of state's findings supporting denial of the application. 9 7. Notwithstanding the prior approval requirement of subdivision one 10 of this section, a consumer litigation funding company that registered 11 with the department of state between the effective date of this article 12 or when the department of state has made applications available to the 13 public, whichever is later, and one hundred eighty days thereafter may 14 engage in consumer litigation funding while the company's registration 15 is pending approval with the department of state. All funding agreements 16 entered into prior to the effective date of this article are not subject 17 to the terms of this article. 18 8. No consumer litigation funding company may use any form of consumer 19 litigation funding contract in this state unless it has been filed with 20 the department of state in accordance with the filing procedures set 21 forth by the secretary of state. 22 9. The secretary of state is hereby authorized to adopt rules and 23 regulations to implement the provisions of this section as needed. 24 § 899-jjjj. Reporting. 1. Each consumer litigation funding company 25 that engages in business in the state shall submit a report to the 26 department of financial services no later than the thirty-first of Janu- 27 ary of each year specifying: 28 (a) number of consumer litigation fundings by the company; 29 (b) summation of funded amounts in dollar figure; and 30 (c) annual percentage charged to each consumer where repayment was 31 made. 32 2. The department of state shall make these figures available to the 33 public, in a manner which maintains the confidentiality of the name of 34 each company and consumer, no later than one year after the reports are 35 delivered. 36 § 899-kkkk. Severability. If any provision of this article is, for any 37 reason, declared unconstitutional or invalid, in whole or in part, by 38 any court of competent jurisdiction, such portion shall be deemed sever- 39 able, and such unconstitutionality or invalidity shall not affect the 40 validity of the remaining portions of this article, which remaining 41 portions shall continue in full force and effect. 42 § 4. This act shall take effect on the one hundred eightieth day after 43 it shall have become a law; provided, however, it shall not apply or in 44 any way affect or invalidate any consumer litigation funding previously 45 effectuated prior to the effective date of this act.
