STATE OF NEW YORK
        ________________________________________________________________________

                                          1760

                               2023-2024 Regular Sessions

                   IN ASSEMBLY

                                    January 20, 2023
                                       ___________

        Introduced  by  M.  of  A. L. ROSENTHAL -- read once and referred to the
          Committee on Tourism, Parks, Arts and Sports Development

        AN ACT to amend the arts and cultural affairs law, in relation to  opin-
          ions  concerning  authenticity, attribution and authorship of works of
          fine art

          The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and  Assem-
        bly, do enact as follows:

     1    Section  1.  Section  11.01  of  the  arts and cultural affairs law is
     2  amended by adding a new subdivision 23 to read as follows:
     3    23. "Authenticator" as used in section 15.11, 15.12 and 15.15 of  this
     4  chapter  shall  mean,  subject to the limitations in this subdivision, a
     5  person or entity recognized in  the  visual  arts  community  as  having
     6  expertise regarding the artist, work of fine art, or visual art multiple
     7  with  respect to whom such person or entity renders an opinion as to the
     8  authenticity, attribution or authorship of a work of fine art or  visual
     9  art  multiple,  or  a  person or entity recognized in the visual arts or
    10  scientific community as having expertise in uncovering facts that  serve
    11  as a direct basis, in whole or in part, for an opinion as to the authen-
    12  ticity,  attribution  or  authorship of a work of fine art or visual art
    13  multiple. "Authenticator" shall include, but not be limited to,  authors
    14  of  catalogues  raisonne or other scholarly texts in which an opinion as
    15  to the authenticity, attribution or authorship of a work of fine art  or
    16  visual  art  multiple is expressed or implied. "Authenticator" shall not
    17  include a person or entity that has a financial interest in the work  of
    18  fine art or visual art multiple for which such opinion is rendered or in
    19  any  transaction concerning such work of fine art or visual art multiple
    20  for which the opinion is rendered, other  than  to  be  compensated  for
    21  services  such  person  or entity engaged in to provide an opinion as to
    22  the authenticity, attribution or authorship of such work of fine art  or
    23  visual  art  multiple or to provide information on which such an opinion
    24  is based in whole or in part.

         EXPLANATION--Matter in italics (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                              [ ] is old law to be omitted.
                                                                   LBD04797-01-3

        A. 1760                             2

     1    § 2. Section 15.11 of the arts and cultural affairs law, as  added  by
     2  chapter 849 of the laws of 1984, is amended to read as follows:
     3    § 15.11. Express  warranties.  Information  provided  pursuant  to the
     4  provisions of this article shall create an express warranty pursuant  to
     5  section  13.05  of  this  title.  When  such information is not supplied
     6  because not applicable, this shall constitute an express  warranty  that
     7  such  required  information  is not applicable.   This section shall not
     8  apply to an authenticator's opinion or information concerning  a  visual
     9  art  multiple  or  work of fine art, as set forth in subdivision twenty-
    10  three of section 11.01 of this title, section 15.12 of this article, and
    11  subdivision four of section 15.15 of this article.
    12    § 3. The arts and cultural affairs law is  amended  by  adding  a  new
    13  section 15.12 to read as follows:
    14    § 15.12. Authentication of works of fine art and visual art multiples.
    15  In any civil action brought against an authenticator that arises from or
    16  relates to the authenticator's opinion or information concerning a visu-
    17  al  art  multiple  or  work of fine art, the claimant shall specify with
    18  particularity in the complaint facts sufficient to support each  element
    19  of the claim or claims asserted.
    20    §  4.  Subdivisions  4 and 5 of section 15.15 of the arts and cultural
    21  affairs law, as added by chapter 849 of the laws of 1984, are amended to
    22  read as follows:
    23    4. (a) In any action to enforce any provision of this  article,  other
    24  than a civil action brought against an authenticator that arises from or
    25  relates to the authenticator's opinion or information concerning a visu-
    26  al  art multiple or work of fine art, the court may allow the prevailing
    27  purchaser the costs of the action together  with  reasonable  attorneys'
    28  and expert witnesses' fees.
    29    (b)  In  any civil action brought against an authenticator that arises
    30  from or relates to the authenticator's opinion or information concerning
    31  a visual art multiple or work of fine  art,  the  court  may  allow  the
    32  prevailing  authenticator  the costs of the action together with reason-
    33  able attorneys' and expert witnesses' fees, provided, however,  that  no
    34  such costs or fees shall be granted pursuant to this section except upon
    35  a  written  finding  of  good  and  just  cause, which shall specify the
    36  grounds thereof.
    37    (c) In the event, however, the court  determines  that  an  action  to
    38  enforce  any  provision  of this article was brought in bad faith it may
    39  allow such expenses  to  the  art  merchant  as  it  deems  appropriate;
    40  provided, however, that in any civil action brought against an authenti-
    41  cator  that  arises  from  or  relates to the authenticator's opinion or
    42  information concerning a visual art multiple or work  of  fine  art,  no
    43  such expenses shall be assessed or allowed against the authenticator.
    44    5.  An  action  to  enforce  any liability under this article, but not
    45  including civil actions against authenticators, shall be brought  within
    46  the  period  prescribed  for  such actions by article two of the uniform
    47  commercial code.
    48    § 5. This act shall take effect on the sixtieth  day  after  it  shall
    49  have  become a law and shall apply to all opinions as to the authentici-
    50  ty, attribution or authorship of a work of fine art or visual art multi-
    51  ple provided to someone other than the authenticator after  such  effec-
    52  tive date.