GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF NORTH CAROLINA

SESSION 2011

H                                                                                                                                                    1

HOUSE BILL 493

 

 

Short Title:        Landlord Tenant Law Changes.		(Public)
Sponsors:	Representatives Howard, Blust, and Randleman (Primary Sponsors). For a complete list of Sponsors, see Bill Information on the NCGA Web Site.
Referred to:	Judiciary Subcommittee A.

March 29, 2011

A BILL TO BE ENTITLED

AN ACT amending the laws related to landlord tenant relationships.

The General Assembly of North Carolina enacts:

SECTION 1.  G.S. 42‑26(a) reads as rewritten:

"§ 42‑26.  Tenant holding over may be dispossessed in certain cases.

(a)        Any tenant or lessee of any house or land, and the assigns under the tenant or legal representatives of such tenant or lessee, who holds over and continues in the possession of the demised premises, or any part thereof, without the permission of the landlord, and after demand made for its surrender, may be removed from such premises in the manner hereinafter prescribed in any of the following cases:

(1)        When a tenant in possession of real estate holds over after his term has expired.

(2)        When the tenant or lessee, or other person under him, has done or omitted any act by which, according to the stipulations of the lease, his estate has ceased.

(3)        When any tenant or lessee of lands or tenements, who is in arrear for rent or has agreed to cultivate the demised premises and to pay a part of the crop to be made thereon as rent, or who has given to the lessor a lien on such crop as a security for the rent, deserts the demised premises, and leaves them unoccupied and uncultivated.

(4)        When the sole tenant or lessee under the terms of a written lease dies and the tenant's or lessee's personal property remains in the demised premises, a landlord may bring an action for summary ejectment under the following conditions:

a.         For the purpose of establishing in rem jurisdiction only, no action to administer an estate or to appoint an administrator or receiver under Chapter 28A, 28B, or 28C of the General Statutes shall have to be filed prior to the bringing of the action for summary judgment to repossess the demised premises and to remove or dispose of the deceased tenant's personal property. No money judgment may be awarded a landlord in an action brought under the provisions of this subdivision, however, a landlord shall have the right to file a separate monetary claim against the estate of the deceased tenant relating to any damages to the demised premises exceeding normal wear and tear and for the recovery of any rents accrued through the date the landlord obtains possession of, and is lawfully permitted to remove all personal property from, the demised premises.

b.         Without regard to whether an action to administer an estate or to appoint an administrator or receiver under Chapter 28A, 28B, or 28C of the General Statutes has commenced, the complaint in an action brought under this subdivision shall provide the name of the deceased tenant or lessee in the following manner:  "In re the estate of – – – – –  (name)."

c.         Neither the commencing of an action to administer an estate or to appoint an administrator or receiver under Chapter 28A, 28B, or 28C of the General Statutes nor any other laws related to the disposition of the estate of the deceased tenant or lessee shall prohibit, delay, or impair a landlord's ability to bring a summary ejectment action under this subdivision or to throw away, dispose of, or sell items of personal property of the deceased tenant or lessee as provided in G.S. 42‑25.9."

SECTION 2.  G.S. 42‑25.7 reads as rewritten:

"§ 42‑25.7.  Distress and distraint not permitted.

(a)        It is the public policy of the State of North Carolina that distress and distraint are prohibited and that landlords of residential rental property shall have rights concerning the personal property of their residential tenants only in accordance with G.S. 42‑25.9(d), 42‑25.9(g), 42‑25.9(h), or 42‑36.2.

(b)        Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) of this section as it relates to landlords' rights concerning the personal property of their residential tenants, a landlord may permit the next of kin of a deceased residential tenant or lessee to enter the leased dwelling unit and remove personal property if all of the following are met:

(1)        The deceased residential tenant or lessee was the sole tenant or lessee in the dwelling unit.

(2)        The next of kin seeking entry into the dwelling unit can establish by a birth certificate, drivers license, estate document, or other reasonably reliable information that he or she is a parent, child, or sibling of the deceased residential tenant or lessee.

(c)        A landlord who, in good faith, permits the next of kin of a deceased residential tenant or lessee to enter the leased dwelling unit and remove personal property as authorized in subsection (b) of this section shall be immune from any civil or criminal liability that might otherwise be incurred or imposed.

(d)        Nothing in subsection (b) or (c) of this section shall do any of the following:

(1)        Impose a duty or obligation on a landlord to permit the next of kin of a deceased residential tenant or lessee to enter the leased dwelling unit or to remove personal property from the leased dwelling unit.

(2)        Cause the landlord to be liable in any way to the next of kin of a deceased residential tenant or lessee.

(3)        Prevent the landlord from bringing a summary ejectment action under G.S. 42‑26(a)."

SECTION 3.  G.S. 42‑29 reads as rewritten:

"§ 42‑29. Service of summons.

The officer or authorized process server receiving the summons shall mail a copy of the summons and complaint to the defendant no later than the end of the next business day or as soon as practicable at the defendant's last known address in a stamped addressed envelope provided by the plaintiff to the action. The officer or authorized process server may, within five days of the issuance of the summons, attempt to telephone the defendant requesting that the defendant either personally visit the officer or authorized process server to accept service, or schedule an appointment for the defendant to receive delivery of service from the officer.officer or authorized process server. If the officer or authorized process server does not attempt to telephone the defendant or the attempt is unsuccessful or does not result in service to the defendant, the officer or authorized process server shall make at least one visit to the place of abode of the defendant within five days of the issuance of the summons, but at least two days prior to the day the defendant is required to appear to answer the complaint, excluding legal holidays, at a time reasonably calculated to find the defendant at the place of abode to attempt personal delivery of service. He The officer or authorized process server then shall deliver a copy of the summons together with a copy of the complaint to the defendant, or leave copies thereof at the defendant's dwelling house or usual place of abode with some person of suitable age and discretion then residing therein. If such service cannot be made by the officer, the officer shall affix copies to some conspicuous part of the premises claimed and make due return showing compliance with this section. If such service cannot be made by the authorized process server, the authorized process server shall affix copies to some conspicuous part of the premises claimed and file an affidavit of service in the office of the clerk of the superior court in the pending action, which shall be conclusive evidence that the summons was served as required by this section. For purposes of this section, the term "authorized process server" means a person who is at least 21 years old and is not any of the following: (i) employed by the plaintiff; (ii) related by blood to the plaintiff; or (iii) an attorney or an employee of a law firm."

SECTION 4.  G.S. 42‑34 reads as rewritten:

"§ 42‑34.  Undertaking on appeal and order staying execution.

…

(b)        During an appeal to district court, it shall be sufficient to stay execution of a judgment for ejectment if the defendant appellant pays to the clerk of superior court any rent in arrears as determined by the magistrate and signs an undertaking that he or she will pay into the office of the clerk of superior court the amount of the tenant's share of the contract rent as it becomes due periodically after the judgment was entered and, entered, reasonable damages that the landlord may suffer, the costs of the pending action  and, where applicable, comply with subdivision (c) below.subsection (c) of this section. For the sole purpose of determining the amount of rent in arrears pursuant to a judgment for possession pursuant to G.S. 42‑30(iii), the magistrate's determination shall be based upon (i) the available evidence presented to the magistrate or (ii) the amounts listed on the face of the filed Complaint in Summary Ejectment. Provided however, when the magistrate makes a finding in the record, based on evidence presented in court, that there is an actual dispute as to the amount of rent in arrears that is due and the magistrate specifies the specific amount of rent in arrears in dispute, in order to stay execution of a judgment for ejectment, the defendant appellant shall not be required to pay to the clerk of superior court the amount of rent in arrears found by the magistrate to be in dispute, even if the magistrate's judgment includes this amount in the amount of rent found to be in arrears. If a defendant appellant appeared at the hearing before the magistrate and the magistrate found an amount of rent in arrears that was not in dispute, and if an attorney representing the defendant appellant on appeal to the district court signs a pleading stating that there is evidence of an actual dispute as to the amount of rent in arrears, then the defendant appellant shall not be required to pay the rent in arrears alleged to be in dispute to stay execution of a judgment for ejectment pending appeal. Any magistrate, clerk, or district court judge shall order stay of execution upon the defendant appellant's paying the undisputed rent in arrears to the clerk and signing the undertaking. If either party disputes the amount of the payment or the due date in the undertaking, the aggrieved party may move for modification of the terms of the undertaking before the clerk of superior court or the district court. Upon such motion and upon notice to all interested parties, the clerk or court shall hold a hearing within 10 calendar days of the date the motion is filed and determine what modifications, if any, are appropriate. No writ of possession or other execution of the magistrate's judgment shall take place during the time the aggrieved party's motion for modification is pending before the clerk of court.

.…"

SECTION 5.  G.S. 42‑34.1 reads as rewritten:

"§ 42‑34.1.  Rent pending execution of judgment; post bond pending appeal.

(a)        If the judgment in district court is against the defendant appellant, it shall be sufficient to stay execution of the judgment during the 30‑day time period for taking an appeal provided for in Rule 3 of the North Carolina Rules of Appellate Procedure if the defendant appellant posts a bond as provided in G.S. 42‑34(b). If the defendant appellant fails to make rental payments as provided in the undertaking within five days of the day rent is due under the terms of the residential rental agreement, the clerk of superior court shall, upon application of the plaintiff appellee, immediately issue a writ of possession and the sheriff shall dispossess the defendant appellant as provided in G.S. 42‑36.2.

(a1)      If the judgment in district court is against the defendant appellant and the defendant appellant does not appeal the judgment, the defendant appellant shall pay rent to the plaintiff for the time the defendant appellant remains in possession of the premises after the judgment is given. Rent shall be prorated if the judgment is executed before the day rent would become due under the terms of the lease. The clerk of court shall disperse any rent in arrears paid by the defendant appellant in accordance with a stipulation executed by all parties or, if there is no stipulation, in accordance with the judge's order.

(b)        If the judgment in district court is against the defendant appellant and the defendant appellant appeals the judgment, it shall be sufficient to stay execution of the judgment if the defendant appellant posts a bond as provided in G.S. 42‑34(b). If the defendant appellant fails to perfect the appeal or the appellate court upholds the judgment of the district court, the execution of the judgment shall proceed. The clerk of court shall not disperse any rent in arrears paid by the defendant appellant until all appeals have been resolved."

SECTION 6. G.S. 42‑36.2 reads as rewritten: 

"§ 42‑36.2.  Notice to tenant of execution of writ for possession of property; storage of evicted tenant's personal property.

(a)        When Sheriff May Remove Property. – Before removing a tenant's personal property from demised premises pursuant to a writ for possession of real property or an order, the sheriff shall give the tenant notice of the approximate time the writ will be executed. The time within which the sheriff shall have to execute the writ shall be no more than seven five days from the sheriff's receipt thereof. The sheriff shall remove the tenant's property, as provided in the writ, no earlier than the time specified in the notice, unless:

(1)        The landlord, or his authorized agent, signs a statement saying that the tenant's property can remain on the premises, in which case the sheriff shall simply lock the premises; or

(2)        The landlord, or his authorized agent, signs a statement saying that the landlord does not want to eject the tenant because the tenant has paid all court costs charged to him and has satisfied his indebtedness to the landlord.

Upon receipt of either statement by the landlord, the sheriff shall return the writ unexecuted to the issuing clerk of court and shall make a notation on the writ of his reasons. The sheriff shall attach a copy of the landlord's statement to the writ. If the writ is returned unexecuted because the landlord signed a statement described in subdivision (2) of this subsection, the clerk shall make an entry of satisfaction on the judgment docket. If the sheriff padlocks, the costs of the proceeding shall be charged as part of the court costs.

(b)        Sheriff May Store Property. – When the sheriff removes the personal property of an evicted tenant from demised premises pursuant to a writ or order the tenant shall take possession of his property. If the tenant fails or refuses to take possession of his property, the sheriff may deliver the property to any storage warehouse in the county, or in an adjoining county if no storage warehouse is located in that county, for storage. The sheriff may require the landlord to advance the cost of delivering the property to a storage warehouse plus the cost of one month's storage before delivering the property to a storage warehouse. If a landlord refuses to advance these costs when requested to do so by the sheriff, the sheriff shall not remove the tenant's property, but shall return the writ unexecuted to the issuing clerk of court with a notation thereon of his reason for not executing the writ. Except for the disposition of manufactured homes and their contents as provided in G.S. 42‑25.9(g) and G.S. 44A‑2(e2), within 10 five days of the landlord's being placed in lawful possession by execution of a writ of possession and upon the tenant's request within that 10‑dayfive‑day period, the landlord shall release possession of the property to the tenant during regular business hours or at a time agreed upon. During the 10‑dayfive‑day period after being placed in lawful possession by execution of a writ of possession, a landlord may move for storage purposes, but shall not throw away, dispose of, or sell any items of personal property remaining on the premises unless otherwise provided for in this Chapter. After the expiration of the 10‑dayfive‑day period, the landlord may throw away, dispose of, or sell the property in accordance with the provisions of G.S. 42‑25.9(g). If the tenant does not request release of the property within 10 five days, all costs of summary ejectment, execution and storage proceedings shall be charged to the tenant as court costs and shall constitute a lien against the stored property or a claim against any remaining balance of the proceeds of a warehouseman's lien sale.

(c)        Liability of the Sheriff. – A sheriff who stores a tenant's property pursuant to this section and any person acting under the sheriff's direction, control, or employment shall be liable for any claims arising out of the willful or wanton negligence in storing the tenant's property.

(d)        Notice. – The notice required by subsection (a) shall, except in actions involving the lease of a space for a manufactured home as defined in G.S. 143‑143.9(6), inform the tenant that failure to request possession of any property on the premises within 10 five days of execution may result in the property being thrown away, disposed of, or sold. Notice shall be made by one of the following methods:

(1)        By delivering a copy of the notice to the tenant or his authorized agent at least two days before the time stated in the notice for serving the writ;

(2)        By leaving a copy of the notice at the tenant's dwelling or usual place of abode with a person of suitable age and discretion who resides there at least two days before the time stated in the notice for serving the writ; or

(3)        By mailing a copy of the notice by first‑class mail to the tenant at his last known address at least five days before the time stated in the notice for serving the writ."

SECTION 7.  G.S. 42‑44 reads as rewritten:

"§ 42‑44.  General remedies, penalties, and limitations.

(a)        Any right or obligation declared by this Chapter is enforceable by civil action, in addition to other remedies of law and in equity.

(a1)      If a landlord fails to provide, install, replace, or repair a smoke detector under the provisions of G.S. 42‑42(a)(5) or a carbon monoxide detector under the provisions of G.S. 42‑42(a)(7) within 30 days of having received written notice from the tenant or any agent of State or local government of the landlord's failure to do so, the landlord shall be responsible for an infraction and shall be subject to a fine of not more than two hundred fifty dollars ($250.00) for each violation. The landlord may temporarily disconnect a smoke detector or carbon monoxide detector in a dwelling unit or common area for construction or rehabilitation activities when such activities are likely to activate the smoke detector or carbon monoxide detector or make it inactive.

(a2)      If a smoke detector or carbon monoxide detector is disabled or damaged, other than through actions of the landlord, the landlord's agents, or acts of God, the tenant shall reimburse the landlord the reasonable and actual cost for repairing or replacing the smoke detector or carbon monoxide detector within 30 days of having received written notice from the landlord or any agent of State or local government of the need for the tenant to make such reimbursement. If the tenant fails to make reimbursement within 30 days, the tenant shall be responsible for an infraction and subject to a fine of not more than one hundred dollars ($100.00) for each violation. The tenant may temporarily disconnect a smoke detector or carbon monoxide detector in a dwelling unit to replace the batteries or when it has been inadvertently activated.

(b)        Repealed by Session Laws 1979, c. 820, s. 8.

(c)        The tenant may not unilaterally withhold rent prior to a judicial determination of a right to do so.

(d)        A violation of this Article shall not constitute negligence per se.

(e)        A landlord's acceptance of any rent or housing subsidy payment, where the payment is less than the full amount owed by the tenant pursuant to a lease between the parties, shall never be a defense to a summary ejectment action filed pursuant to G.S. 42‑26.

(f)         A landlord's acceptance of any rent or housing subsidy payment shall not constitute an unfair and deceptive trade practice under Chapter 75 of the General Statutes."

SECTION 8.  G.S. 42‑50 reads as rewritten:

"§ 42‑50.  Deposits from the tenant.

Security deposits from the tenant in residential dwelling units shall be deposited in a trust account with a licensed and insured bank or savings institution located in the State of North Carolina or the that is a demand deposit account in a federally insured bank, lawfully doing business in the State of North Carolina, which agrees to make its records of the accounts available for inspection by the North Carolina Real Estate Commission. In the alternative, a  landlord may, at his option,may furnish a bond from an insurance company licensed to do business in North Carolina. The security deposits from the tenant may be held in a trust account outside of the State of North Carolina only if the landlord provides the tenant with an adequate bond in the amount of said deposits. The landlord or his agent shall notify the tenant within 30 days after the beginning of the lease term of the name and address of the bank or institution where his deposit is currently located or the name of the  insurance company providing the bond."

SECTION 9.  G.S. 42‑51 reads as rewritten:

"§ 42‑51.  Permitted uses of the deposit.

(a)        Security deposits for residential dwelling units shall be permitted only for the following:

(1)        The tenant's possible nonpayment of rent and costs for water or sewer services provided pursuant to G.S. 62‑110(g), G.S. 62‑110(g).

(2)        damage Damage to the premises, including damage to or destruction of smoke detectors or carbon monoxide detectors.

(3)        nonfulfillment of rental period,Nonfulfillment of the rental period.

(4)        any Any unpaid bills that become a lien against the demised property due to the tenant's occupancy, occupancy.

(5)        The costs of re‑renting the premises after breach by the tenant, including any fees or commissions paid by the landlord to a licensed real estate broker to re‑rent the premises.

(6)        The costs of removal and storage of the tenant's property after a summary ejectment proceeding orproceeding.

(7)        court costs in connection with terminating a tenancy. Court costs.

(8)        Any fee permitted by G.S. 42‑46.

(b)        The security deposit shall not exceed an amount equal to two weeks' rent if a tenancy is week to week, one and one‑half months' rent if a tenancy is month to month, and two months' rent for terms greater than month to month. These deposits must be fully accounted for by the landlord as set forth in G.S. 42‑52."

SECTION 10.  G.S. 42A‑11(b) reads as rewritten:

"(b)      The vacation rental agreement shall contain provisions separate from the requirements of subsection (a) of this section which shall describe the following as permitted or required by this Chapter:

(1)        The manner in which funds shall be received, deposited, and disbursed in advance of the tenant's occupancy of the property.

(2)        Any processing fees permitted under G.S. 42A‑17(c).

(2a)      Any cleaning fee permitted under G.S. 42A‑17(d).

(3)        The rights and obligations of the landlord and tenant under G.S. 42A‑17(b).

(4)        The applicability of expedited eviction procedures.

(5)        The rights and obligations of the landlord or real estate broker and the tenant upon the transfer of the property.

(6)        The rights and obligations of the landlord or real estate broker and the tenant under G.S. 42A‑36.

(7)        Any other obligations of the landlord and tenant."

SECTION 11.  G.S. 42A‑17 is amended by adding a new subsection to read:

"(d)      A vacation rental agreement may include a cleaning fee, the amount of which shall be provided in the agreement, reasonably calculated to cover the costs of cleaning the residential property upon the termination of the tenancy."

SECTION 12.  This act becomes effective October 1, 2011, and applies to all actions for summary ejectment occurring on and after that date and to all residential rental agreements entered into on or after that date.